Linux中环境变量的作用

/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: test.c
    > Author: ndj
    > Mail: 172305913@qq.com 
    > Created Time: 2017年07月22日 星期六 18时42分58秒
 ************************************************************************/
//exec函数示例
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
char *env_init[] = {"USER=unkown", "PATH=/home/ndj/Unix/test8_16/echoall", NULL};//环境变量
int main(void)
{
    pid_t pid;

    if((pid=fork()) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else if(pid == 0)//子进程
    {
        if(execle("/home/ndj/Unix/test8_16/echoall", "echoall", "myarg1", "MY ARG2", (char*)0, env_init) < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "execle failed\n");
            exit(0);
        }
    }
    if((waitpid(pid, NULL, 0)) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "waitpid failed\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    setenv("PATH", "/home/ndj/Unix/test8_16", 1);
    if((pid = fork()) < 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "fork2 failed\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    else if(pid == 0)
    {
        if(execlp("echoall", "echoall", "only 1 arg", (char*)0) < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "execlp failed\n");
            exit(0);
        }
    }
    exit(0);
}