- Operating System Services
user interface, program execution,I/O operations,
File-system manipulation, communications, error detection
Another set of OS functions:
Resource allocation, Accouting, Protection and security
- User and Operating System Interface-CLI
User and Operating System Interface-CLI
CLI(command-line interface) allows direct command entry
- Sometimes included in kernel, sometimes treated as a special program
- On system with multiple command interpreters-shells
- The main function is to get and execute the next user-specified command.
- These commands can be implemented in two general ways.
User and Operating System Interface-GUI
User-friendly graphical user interface
Touchscreen Interface
- System Calls
- Provide an interface to the services made available by the OS
- Typically written in a high-level language(C or C++)
- Application developers design programs according to an Application Program Interface(API) rather than direct system calls.
- 最常见的三种接口分别是: Win32 API for windows, POSIX API for POSIX-based systems, Java API for the Java virtual machine(JVM)
- 为什么使用APIs 而不是用 system calls?
程序的可移植性(portability), 实际工作中使用system calls 比起API 更加复杂、更困难
- Types of System Calls
Process control, File management, Device management, Information maintenance, Communications