Operating Systems Structures

• Operating System Services 

user interface, program execution,I/O operations,

File-system manipulation, communications, error detection

 

Another set of OS functions:

Resource allocation, Accouting, Protection and security

 

• User and Operating System Interface-CLI

User and Operating System Interface-CLI

CLI(command-line interface) allows direct command entry

- Sometimes included in kernel, sometimes treated as a special program

- On system with multiple command interpreters-shells

- The main function is to get and execute the next user-specified command.

- These commands can be implemented in two general ways.

 

User and Operating System Interface-GUI

User-friendly graphical user interface

 

Touchscreen Interface

 

• System Calls

- Provide an interface to the services made available by the OS

- Typically written in a high-level language(C or C++)

- Application developers design programs according to an Application Program Interface(API) rather than direct system calls.

-  最常见的三种接口分别是： Win32 API for windows, POSIX API for POSIX-based systems, Java API for the Java virtual machine(JVM)

- 为什么使用APIs 而不是用 system calls?

程序的可移植性(portability),  实际工作中使用system calls 比起API 更加复杂、更困难

 

• Types of System Calls

Process control, File management, Device management, Information maintenance, Communications