Python网络爬虫--Scrapy使用IP代理池

Python网络爬虫--Scrapy使用IP代理池

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2018.01.14 20:31 字数 155 阅读 6968评论 4喜欢 8

自动更新IP池

写个自动获取IP的类proxies.py，执行一下把获取的IP保存到txt文件中去:

代码

# *-* coding:utf-8 *-*  
import requests  
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import lxml  
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue  
import random  
import json  
import time  
import requests  
  
class Proxies(object):  
  
  
    """docstring for Proxies"""  
    def __init__(self, page=3):  
        self.proxies = []  
        self.verify_pro = []  
        self.page = page  
        self.headers = {  
        'Accept': '*/*',  
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',  
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',  
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'  
        }  
        self.get_proxies()  
        self.get_proxies_nn()  
  
    def get_proxies(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:  
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  
  
    def get_proxies_nn(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:  
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  
  
    def verify_proxies(self):  
        # 没验证的代理  
        old_queue = Queue()  
        # 验证后的代理  
        new_queue = Queue()  
        print ('verify proxy........')  
        works = []  
        for _ in range(15):  
            works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue)))  
        for work in works:  
            work.start()  
        for proxy in self.proxies:  
            old_queue.put(proxy)  
        for work in works:  
            old_queue.put(0)  
        for work in works:  
            work.join()  
        self.proxies = []  
        while 1:  
            try:  
                self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1))  
            except:  
                break  
        print ('verify_proxies done!')  
  
  
    def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue):  
        while 1:  
            proxy = old_queue.get()  
            if proxy == 0:break  
            protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http'  
            proxies = {protocol: proxy}  
            try:  
                if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200:  
                    print ('success %s' % proxy)  
                    new_queue.put(proxy)  
            except:  
                print ('fail %s' % proxy)  
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    a = Proxies()  
    a.verify_proxies()  
    print (a.proxies)  
    proxie = a.proxies   
    with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f:  
       for proxy in proxie:  
             f.write(proxy+'\n')  

执行一下:

python  proxies.py

这些有效的IP就会保存到proxies.txt文件中去

image.png

修改中间件middlewares.py的内容为如下:

import random  
import scrapy  
from scrapy import log  
  
  
# logger = logging.getLogger()  
  
class ProxyMiddleWare(object):  
    """docstring for ProxyMiddleWare"""  
    def process_request(self,request, spider):  
        '''对request对象加上proxy'''  
        proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
        print("this is request ip:"+proxy)  
        request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   
  
  
    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):  
        '''对返回的response处理'''  
        # 如果返回的response状态不是200，重新生成当前request对象  
        if response.status != 200:  
            proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
            print("this is response ip:"+proxy)  
            # 对当前reque加上代理  
            request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   
            return request  
        return response  
  
    def get_random_proxy(self):  
        '''随机从文件中读取proxy'''  
        while 1:  
            with open('你保存的\proxies.txt', 'r') as f:  
                proxies = f.readlines()  
            if proxies:  
                break  
            else:  
                time.sleep(1)  
        proxy = random.choice(proxies).strip()  
        return proxy  

修改下settings文件

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {  

     'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':None,  
     'myproxies.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':125,  
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware':None  
}  

这里的myproxies是工程的名字，middlewares是py文件的名,ProxyMiddleWare是类的名字

或者利用crawlera神器(收费)--------自行百度

土豪自然随意，直接淘宝买一些代理IP就好，稳定也不是特别贵

Github 搜索 proxy ip会发现更多

原文：

https://www.jianshu.com/p/da94a2a24de8