tcpdump工具用法

tcpdump介绍

tcpdump - dump traffic on a network，是一个用于截取网络分组，并输出分组内容的工具。凭借强大的功能和灵活的截取策略，使其成为类UNIX系统下用于网络分析和问题排查的首选工具。其支持针对网络层、协议、主机、网络或端口的过滤，并提供and、or、not等逻辑语句来帮助你去掉无用的信息。

常用命令

tcpdump host 193.1.3.11 port 8002 -i any -v -w ./test.cap

常用参数

-c : 指定抓包个数

tcpdump -c 2
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
05:55:13.756478 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2630991455:2630991651, ack 3844704184, win 255, length 196
05:55:13.757398 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 196:376, ack 1, win 255, length 180
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kerne

i : 指定所抓取的网卡

tcpdump -i eth0 -c 1
05:28:56.313349 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 645536:645700, ack 365, win 255, length 164
1 packets captured
1 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

-v: 显示详细内容, -vv, -vvv

tcpdump -i any -c 1 -vvv
tcpdump: listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
05:57:29.524244 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 57549, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 172)
    193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], cksum 0x88ae (incorrect -> 0x2d8b), seq 2630995235:2630995367, ack 3844705656, win 255, length 132
1 packet captured
18 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

-w <file_name>: 将抓包结果保存到文件中

tcpdump -i any -c 1 -w file.cap
tcpdump: listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

-q: 打印少量协议相关内容

tcpdump -i any -q -c 1
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
05:56:23.517366 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: tcp 196
1 packet captured
17 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

-r <file_name>: 从文件中读取数据

tcpdump -r file.cap 
reading from file file.cap, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked)
05:58:16.533695 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2630996863:2630996995, ack 3844706644, win 255, length 132

基于协议过滤

arp: 过滤 ARP

tcpdump  -c 2 arp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:24:22.276090 ARP, Request who-has 193.1.2.52 tell 193.1.2.141, length 46
01:24:22.276140 ARP, Request who-has 193.1.2.62 tell 193.1.2.141, length 46
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

icmp,tcp, udp…

tcpdump  -c 1 tcp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:25:44.395200 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.52972: Flags [P.], seq 2915666324:2915666440, ack 3897014413, win 264, length 116
1 packet captured
7 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

基于 IP 地址过滤

host : 过滤源 IP 或者目的 IP 为指定 IP 地址的包

tcpdump -c 1 host 193.1.3.11 
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:01:59.130264 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2631002191:2631002387, ack 3844711220, win 255, length 196
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

src/dst : 过滤源/目的 IP

tcpdump -c 1 src 193.1.3.11
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:06:12.125502 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2631002819:2631003015, ack 3844711340, win 255, length 196
1 packet captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

net < sub net > : 过滤源 IP 或者目的 IP 在指定子网的包

tcpdump -c 1 net 193.1.3.0/24
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:09:01.518140 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2631005067:2631005263, ack 3844712968, win 255, length 196
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

src/dst net < sub net >: 过滤源/目的 IP 地址在指定子网范围的包

tcpdump -c 1 src net 193.1.3.0/24
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:10:27.133894 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2631005711:2631005907, ack 3844713104, win 255, length 196
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

基于 port 过滤

port : 过滤源 port 或者目的 port 为指定 port 的包

tcpdump -c 1 port 22
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:12:44.258223 IP 193.1.3.11.ssh > 193.1.3.2.51871: Flags [P.], seq 2631006339:2631006535, ack 3844713224, win 255, length 196
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

src/dst port: 过滤源/目的 port

tcpdump -c 1 src net 193.1.3.0/24 and not src port 22
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on atcp_veth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
06:13:44.650217 IP 193.1.3.2.51871 > 193.1.3.11.ssh: Flags [.], ack 2631007195, win 16321, length 0
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

基于 TCP flag 过滤

tcp[13] & 2!=0: 过滤 SYN

tcpdump  -c 2 net 193.0.0.0/8 and "tcp[13] & 2 != 0"
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:22:49.679842 IP 193.1.1.110.53106 > 193.1.1.231.ssh: Flags [S], seq 423562932, win 8192, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 2,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0
01:22:49.679922 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.53106: Flags [S.], seq 1364181361, ack 423562933, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

tcp[13] & 16 !=0: 过滤 ACK

tcpdump  -c 2 net 193.0.0.0/8 and "tcp[13] & 16!=0"
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:27:47.239368 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.52972: Flags [P.], seq 2915667924:2915668120, ack 3897015017, win 264, length 196
01:27:47.245847 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.52972: Flags [P.], seq 196:376, ack 1, win 264, length 180
2 packets captured
2 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

tcp[13]=18: 过滤 SYN ACK

tcpdump net 193.0.0.0/8 and "tcp[13]=18"
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:30:13.419672 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.53677: Flags [S.], seq 1820623300, ack 1594275082, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0
^C
1 packet captured
1 packet received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel

tcp[13] & 4!=0: 过滤 RST

tcpdump "tcp[13] & 4!=0"
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:31:43.821051 IP 193.1.1.231.microsoft-ds > 193.1.1.62.56513: Flags [R.], seq 0, ack 3270176790, win 0, length 0

tcp[13] & 1!=0: 过滤 FIN

tcpdump "tcp[13] & 1!=0"
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ens3, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
01:33:36.082121 IP 193.1.1.231.ssh > 193.1.1.110.53939: Flags [F.], seq 3223250025, ack 2445636549, win 246, length 0
01:33:36.082691 IP 193.1.1.110.53939 > 193.1.1.231.ssh: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 1, win 16412, length 0