oracle装载数据,ORACLE的 数据装载 sql loader

14.1 sql*loader：将外部数据(比如文本型)数据导入oracle database。(用于数据导入、不同类型数据库数据迁移)     14.2 sql*loader 导入数据原理：在段(segment 表)insert 记录            1)conventional：将记录插入到segment的HWM(高水位线)以下的块，要首先访问bitmap ，来确定那些block 有free space      2)direct path：将记录插入到segment的HWM(高水位线)以上的从未使用过的块，绕过db_buffer, 不检查约束。还可以关闭redo, 也支持并行操作，加快插入速度。 例： SQL> create table emp1 as select * from emp where 1=2; SQL> insert into emp1 select * from emp; //conventional方式插入数据 SQL> insert /*+ APPEND */ into emp1 select * from emp;       //direct path方式插入数据, 必须commit后才能查看数据          14.3 sql*loader 用法 SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...] 看帮助信息    $/u01/oracle/bin/sqlldr(回车)。如果要使用direct path方式，在命令行中使用关键字 direct=TRUE *注意点：sql*loader与data dump的一个区别：data dump只能读取由它导出的文件，而sql*loader可以读取任何它能解析的第三方文件格式 14.4 例子： 1)模拟生成数据源 11:02:13 SQL> select empno||','||ename||','||job||','||mgr||','||hiredate||','||sal||','||comm||','||deptno from scott.emp;  EMPNO||','||ENAME||','||JOB||','||MGR||','||HIREDATE||','||SAL||','||COMM||','||DEPTNO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7369,SMITH,CLERK,7902,1980-12-17 00:00:00,800,,20 7499,ALLEN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-20 00:00:00,1600,300,30 7521,WARD,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-22 00:00:00,1250,500,30 7566,JONES,MANAGER,7839,1981-04-02 00:00:00,2975,,20 7654,MARTIN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-28 00:00:00,1250,1400,30 7698,BLAKE,MANAGER,7839,1981-05-01 00:00:00,2850,,30 7782,CLARK,MANAGER,7839,1981-06-09 00:00:00,2450,,10 7788,SCOTT,ANALYST,7566,1987-04-19 00:00:00,3000,,20 7839,KING,PRESIDENT,,1981-11-17 00:00:00,5000,,10 7844,TURNER,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-08 00:00:00,1500,0,30 7876,ADAMS,CLERK,7788,1987-05-23 00:00:00,1100,,20 7900,JAMES,CLERK,7698,1981-12-03 00:00:00,950,,30 7902,FORD,ANALYST,7566,1981-12-03 00:00:00,3000,,20 7934,MILLER,CLERK,7782,1982-01-23 00:00:00,1300,,10 14 rows selected. 2)建个目录 [oracle@timran]$mkdir -p /home/oracle/sqlload [oracle@timran]$cd /home/oracle/sqlload [oracle@timran sqlload]$vi emp.dat      --生成平面表                                                                                                       --------查看数据源 [oracle@timran sqlload]$ more emp.dat 7369,SMITH,CLERK,7902,1980-12-17 00:00:00,800,,20 7499,ALLEN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-20 00:00:00,1600,300,30 7521,WARD,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-22 00:00:00,1250,500,30 7566,JONES,MANAGER,7839,1981-04-02 00:00:00,2975,,20 7654,MARTIN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-28 00:00:00,1250,1400,30 7698,BLAKE,MANAGER,7839,1981-05-01 00:00:00,2850,,30 7782,CLARK,MANAGER,7839,1981-06-09 00:00:00,2450,,10 7788,SCOTT,ANALYST,7566,1987-04-19 00:00:00,3000,,20 7839,KING,PRESIDENT,,1981-11-17 00:00:00,5000,,10 7844,TURNER,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-08 00:00:00,1500,0,30 7876,ADAMS,CLERK,7788,1987-05-23 00:00:00,1100,,20 7900,JAMES,CLERK,7698,1981-12-03 00:00:00,950,,30 7902,FORD,ANALYST,7566,1981-12-03 00:00:00,3000,,20 7934,MILLER,CLERK,7782,1982-01-23 00:00:00,1300,,10 3)conventional方式导入   建立控制文件 [oracle@work sqlldr]$ vi emp.ctl load data infile '/home/oracle/sqlload/emp.dat' insert              --insert 插入表必须是空表，非空表用append into table emp1 fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' ( empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, comm, sal, deptno) 4)在scott下建立emp1表(内部表)，只要结构不要数据 11:10:13 SQL> create table emp1 as select * from emp where 1=2; 5)执行导入(normal) [oracle@timran timran]$ sqlldr scott/scott control=emp.ctl log=emp.log SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 11 12:18:36 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved. Commit point reached - logical record count 14 5)验证： 11:07:12 SQL>  11:07:12 SQL> select * from emp1; 上例的另一种形式是将数据源和控制文件合并在.ctl里描述 [oracle@work sqlldr]$ vi emp.ctl load data infile * append into table emp1 fields terminated  by   ',' optionally enclosed by '"' ( empno, ename, job, mgr, hiredate, comm, sal, deptno) begindata 7369,SMITH,CLERK,7902,1980-12-17 00:00:00,800,,20 7499,ALLEN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-20 00:00:00,1600,300,30 7521,WARD,SALESMAN,7698,1981-02-22 00:00:00,1250,500,30 7566,JONES,MANAGER,7839,1981-04-02 00:00:00,2975,,20 7654,MARTIN,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-28 00:00:00,1250,1400,30 7698,BLAKE,MANAGER,7839,1981-05-01 00:00:00,2850,,30 7782,CLARK,MANAGER,7839,1981-06-09 00:00:00,2450,,10 7788,SCOTT,ANALYST,7566,1987-04-19 00:00:00,3000,,20 7839,KING,PRESIDENT,,1981-11-17 00:00:00,5000,,10 7844,TURNER,SALESMAN,7698,1981-09-08 00:00:00,1500,0,30 7876,ADAMS,CLERK,7788,1987-05-23 00:00:00,1100,,20 7900,JAMES,CLERK,7698,1981-12-03 00:00:00,950,,30 7902,FORD,ANALYST,7566,1981-12-03 00:00:00,3000,,20 7934,MILLER,CLERK,7782,1982-01-23 00:00:00,1300,,10 [oracle@timran sqlload]$ sqlldr scott/scott control=emp.ctl log=emp.log Commit point reached - logical record count 15 [oracle@timran sqlload]$  [oracle@timran sqlload]$  [oracle@timran sqlload]$  [oracle@timran sqlload]$ ll 总计 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    1 07-17 11:09 emp.bad -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  782 07-17 11:09 emp.ctl -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2055 07-17 11:09 emp.log [oracle@timran sqlload]$ more emp.bad 11:09:34 SQL>SQL> select count(*) from emp1;   COUNT(*) ----------         28