Java 连接 MongoDB
MongoDB 提供了一系列的驱动用于支持各种语言连接 mongodb 数据库,包括:Java,Python,C++,Scala,PHP 等,完整的驱动列表:https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/applications/drivers/index.html
其中对于 Java 提供了 mongo-java-driver 库支持 Mongo JDBC 驱动,使用该驱动只要在项目依赖中导入:org.mongodb:mongo-java-driver
如在使用 gradle 构建的项目中,如下导入:
compile 'org.mongodb:mongo-java-driver:3.6.3'
Mongo JDBC 驱动文档主页:http://mongodb.github.io/mongo-java-driver/;
可以在驱动主页查询该驱动的详细用法,一下示例基本使用,包括:数据库连接、CURD 操作,使用版本为:mongodb 3.6,mongo-java-driver 3.6,不同版本的驱动的 API 由一些差异,详细请查询驱动文档;
示例用的数据库集合 testdb.blog 文档示例如下:
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5a8d519a07c9086ee823f15d"),
"title" : "Mysql Overview",
"description" : "Musql is a RDBMS",
"author" : "assad",
"url" : "http://blog.assad.article/233",
"tages" : [ "mysql", "RDBMS", "sql" ],
"likes" : 200
}
数据库连接
1)无验证连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1",27017);
//或者使用 mongo uri
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017"));
2)验证连接
String user = "assad"; //用户名
String database = "testdb"; //数据库
char[] password = "123".toCharArray(); //密码
MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential(user,database,password); //验证对象
MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().sslEnabled(false).build(); //连接操作对象
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1",27017),credential,options); //连接对象
//或者使用 mongo uri
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://assad:123@127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=testdb&ssl=false"));
其中 mongo uri 的验证连接格式如下:
mongodb://userName:password@host/?authSource=databaseName&ssh=true;
获取数据库 & 集合
//获取指定数据库对象
MongoDatabase db = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb");
//获取指定集合对象
MongoCollection blogs = db.getCollection("blog");
//列举所有数据库名称
for(String dbName : blogs.listDatabaseNames()
System.out.println(dbName);
//列举指定数据库中所有集合名称
for(String colName: db.listCollectionNames())
System.out.println(colName);
以下示例中,对于文档结果的输出都使用 Log4j2 进行标准输出;
select 查询操作
1)查询结果遍历
在 MongoDB JDBC 中,会对查询结果生成一个 FindIterable 对象,可以通过获取其迭代器对其进行迭代,同时该对象也提供了 foreach 方法,通过传入一个 Block 对象,可以对结果进行阻塞迭代;
//数据库连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://assad:123@127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=testdb&ssl=false"));
MongoCollection blogs = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("blog");
//查询所有文档,遍历输出结果
for (Document document1 : blogs.find())
log.debug(document1.toJson());
//查询所有文档,使用遍历器遍历结果
MongoCursor cursor = blogs.find().iterator();
while(cursor.hasNext())
log.debug(cursor.next().toJson());
//查询所有文档,对所有结果使用阻塞回调方法
blogs.find().forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
//查询所有文档,获取结果文档中的 title 字段(string)、likes 字段(int32)、tags 字段(array)
blogs.find().forEach((Block) document ->{
String title = document.getString("title");
int likes = document.getInteger("likes");
List tags = (List) document.get("tags");
log.debug(title + " - " + likes + " - " + tags);
});
2)条件查询
对于条件查询,可以通过构造一个个嵌套的 Document 对象,产生类似 mongodb 查询语法的 Document 链来进行查询;或者使用 Filters 中的各种静态方法(如 eq,lte等)来进行函数式地查询,MongoDB JDBC 已经将绝大部分的 mongodb 查询条件操作符封装为函数式调用;
//条件查询: db.blog.find({"author":"assad"})
blogs.find(new Document("author","assad")).forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
blogs.find(eq("author","assad")).forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
//条件查询: db.blog.find({"likes":{$gte:200,$lte:500}})
blogs.find(new Document("likes",new Document("$gte",200).append("$lte",500)))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
blogs.find(and(gte("likes",200), lte("likes",500)))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
//条件查询:db.blog.find({"author":"assad","title":/mongodb*/i })
blogs.find(new Document("author","assad").append("title",new Document("$regex","mongodb*").append("$options","i")))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
blogs.find(and(eq("author","assad"), regex("title","mongodb*","i")))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
3)查询结果映射,排序,限制
//映射操作, db.blog.find({"author:"assad""},{"title":1,"url":1,"likes":1,"_id":0})
blogs.find(new Document("author","assad"))
.projection(new Document("title",1).append("url",1).append("likes",1).append("_id",0))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
blogs.find(eq("author","assad"))
.projection(fields(include("title","url","likes"),excludeId()))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
//查询排序、限制: db.blog.find().sort({"likes":1,"title":-1}).limit(5)
blogs.find()
.sort(and(ascending("likes"),descending("title")))
.limit(5)
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
blogs.find()
.sort(new Document("likes",1).append("title",-1))
.limit(5)
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
4)aggregate 数据聚合操作
//数据聚合: db.blog.aggregate([ {$group:{_id:"$author",likes_count:{$sum:"$likes"}}} ])
blogs.aggregate(asList( group("$author",sum("likes_count","$likes")) ))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
//数据聚合: db.blog.aggregate([ {$group:{_id:"$author",likes_avg:{$avg:"$likes"}}}, {$match:{_id:"assad"}} ])
blogs.aggregate(asList(
group("$author",avg("likes_avg","$likes")),
match(eq("_id","assad")) ))
.forEach((Block) document -> {
log.debug(document.toJson());
});
insert 插入操作
//数据库连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://assad:123@127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=testdb&ssl=false"));
MongoCollection blogs = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("blog");
//插入一个文档
Document doc = new Document("title","Mysql Overview")
.append("description","Musql is a RDBMS")
.append("author","assad")
.append("url","http://blog.assad.article/233")
.append("tages", Arrays.asList("mysql","RDBMS","sql"))
.append("likes",100);
blogs.insertOne(doc);
//插入多个文档
Document doc1 = new Document("title","DB2 Overview")
.append("author","Alex");
Document doc2 = new Document("title","Redis Overview")
.append("author","Orlda");
List docList = new ArrayList<>();
docList.add(doc1);
docList.add(doc2);
blogs.insertMany(docList);
update 操作
//数据库连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://assad:123@127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=testdb&ssl=false"));
MongoCollection blogs = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("blog");
//更改第一条匹配条件的文档记录,对应 update(,{muti:false}) 方法
blogs.updateOne(and(eq("author","assad"),eq("title","SqlLite Overview"))
,combine(set("author","assad_1"),set("likes",0)));
//更改所有匹配条件的文档记录,对应 update(,{muti:true}) 方法
blogs.updateMany(lte("likes",300)
, inc("likes",100));
//完全替换一条文档记录,对应 save() 方法
Document doc = new Document("title","Mysql Overview")
.append("description","Musql is a RDBMS")
.append("author","assad")
.append("url","http://blog.assad.article/233")
.append("tages", Arrays.asList("mysql","RDBMS","sql"))
.append("likes",100);
blogs.replaceOne(eq("author","Alex"),doc);
delete 操作
//数据库连接
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(new MongoClientURI("mongodb://assad:123@127.0.0.1:27017/?authSource=testdb&ssl=false"));
MongoCollection blogs = mongoClient.getDatabase("testdb").getCollection("blog");
//删除第一条满足查询条件的文档记录,对应 delete(,{justOne:true}) 方法
blogs.deleteOne(eq("author","Alex"));
//删除所有满足查询条件的文档记录,对应 delete(,{justOne:false}) 方法
blogs.deleteMany(gte("likes",900));
原文:https://blog..net/Al_assad/article/details/79345018