python3.7 matplotlib_python matplotlib入门

1 matplotlib概述

matplotlib 是 Python 的绘图库。使用matplot可以方便地画出折线图、散点图、热力图、饼图等等

2 matplotlib安装

#pip

pip install matplotlib

#conda

conda install matplotlib

3 matplotlib使用

3.1 查看信息

import matplotlib as mpl

#打印版本信息

print(mpl.__version__)

3.2 简单折线图绘制

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

# 以下两行代码解决jupyter notebook显示图片模糊问题

%matplotlib inline

%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

x = np.linspace(1,10)

# y1=5+x

y1=5+x

plt.plot(x,y1)

# y2=5+2*x

y2=5+2*x

plt.plot(x,y2)

# 标题，支持中文

plt.title(u"简单折线图",fontproperties="SimHei")

plt.xlabel("X")

plt.ylabel("Y")

plt.show()

3.3 多图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

# 以下两行代码解决jupyter notebook显示图片模糊问题

%matplotlib inline

%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

# 多图，即创建多个画布

fig1 = plt.figure()

fig2 = plt.figure()

fig3 = plt.figure()

# 由于画布上没有图，所以会显示空白

plt.show()

3.4子图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

# 以下两行代码解决jupyter notebook显示图片模糊问题

%matplotlib inline

%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'svg'

# 子图，即一个画布上画多个图

fig1 = plt.figure()

sf1 = fig1.add_subplot(221)

sf2 = fig1.add_subplot(222)

sf3 = fig1.add_subplot(223)

sf4 = fig1.add_subplot(224)

x = np.linspace(0,10,100)

y1 = x**2

y2 = -x**2

y3 = x

y4 = -x

# 绘图

sf1.plot(x,y1)

sf1.set_xlabel('X')

sf1.set_ylabel('Y')

sf1.set_title('fig1')

sf2.plot(x,y2)

sf2.set_xlabel('X')

sf2.set_ylabel('Y')

sf2.set_title('fig2')

sf3.plot(x,y3)

sf3.set_xlabel('X')

sf3.set_ylabel('Y')

sf3.set_title('fig3')

sf4.plot(x,y4)

sf4.set_xlabel('X')

sf4.set_ylabel('Y')

sf4.set_title('fig4')

plt.subplots_adjust(wspace =0.4, hspace =0.6)#调整子图间距

plt.show()

3.5 散点图

x = np.linspace(1, 10, 100)

y = np.sin(x)

# 散点图 scatter

plt.scatter(x, y)

plt.title('sin(x)')

plt.show()

3.6 直方图

#直方图

x = np.random.randn(100)

# density = True 纵坐标归一化 bins=3表示三条柱子

plt.hist(x,density=True,bins=3)

plt.title("Hist")

plt.show()

3.7饼状图

# 饼状图

x=[0.4,0.1,0.1,0.4]

labels=["A","B","C","D"]

# shadow=True：阴影 explode：突出显示的权重

plt.pie(x,labels=labels,shadow=True,explode=[0.1,0,0,0.2])

plt.show()

3.8 网格

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1,2,3],[3,2,1])

plt.grid(color="red",linewidth=1)

plt.show()

3.9 图例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(1,10,1000)

y1=x

y2=x**2

y3=x**3

plt.plot(x,y1,label=["Y=X"])

plt.plot(x,y2,label=["Y=X**2"])

plt.plot(x,y3,label=["Y=X**3"])

# loc指定位置 0 1 2 3对应四个角

# ncol 指定图例分成几列

plt.legend(loc=0,ncol=2)

plt.show()

4 案例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221)

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222)

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(212)

X = np.linspace(-10,10,100)

Y1=np.sin(X)

Y2=np.tanh(X)

Y3=np.sign(X)

ax1.plot(X,Y1,"r--")

ax2.plot(X,Y2,color="b",linestyle="-.",linewidth=2)

ax3.plot(X,Y3,"g-",marker="o")

plt.show()