python循环导入教程_Python循环导入，“来自lib导入模块”与“ import lib.module”

I have two python modules, a.py and b.py, both of which are in lib/ relative to the current directory. Suppose each module needs the functionality of the other.

a.py:

import lib.b

...

b.py:

import lib.a

...

The above example works with

PYTHONPATH=./lib python -c 'from lib import a, b'

However, if I switch the imports in a.py and b.py to from lib import b and from lib import a, respectively, the above Python command terminates with ImportError.

Could someone please explain why this breaks? I'm not trying to import any member from either a or b. (In that case I would be importing from an uninitialized module, as the question referenced below points out.)

Reference:

解决方案

Since there did not seem to be a direct way to address the circular import, I went with a workaround.

In my actual use case, module a imported module b only to call the function b.fn, so I decided to put fn in a third module c and import c instead:

c.py

def fn():

...

b.py

from lib import a

from lib import c

...

# Explicitly assign `fn` into this module.

fn = c.fn

(The above could also be done with from lib.c import fn, but I prefer the explicit version.)

a.py

from lib import c

...

That way, the circular import between a and b is gone, and any additional modules that import b can use b.fn directly.