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英文文献及翻译:计算机程序姓名:刘峻霖班级:通信143班学号:puterLanguageandProgrammingI.IntroductionProgramminglanguages,puterscience,aretheartificiallanguagesusedtowriteasequenceofinstructions(acomputerprogram)puter.Similartonaturallanguages,suchasEnglish,programminglanguageshaveavocabulary,grammar,andsyntax.However,putersbecausetheyareambiguous,meaningthattheirvocabularyandgrammaticalstructuremaybeinterpretedinmultipleways.putersmusthavesimplelogicalstructures,andtherulesfortheirgrammar,spelling,andpunctuationmustbeprecise.Programminglanguagesvarygreatlyintheirsophisticationandintheirdegreeofversatility.putersystem.Forinstance,programminglanguagessuchasFORTRANandCOBOLwerewrittentosolvecertaingeneraltypesofprogrammingproblems—FORTRANforscientificapplications,andCOBOLforbusinessapplications.puterproblems,theyarehighlyportable,puters.Otherlanguages,suchasmachinelanguages,putersystem,puterincertainresearchapplications.putingproblems.LanguageslikeC,PASCALandBASICfallintothiscategory.II.LanguageTypesProgramminglanguagescanbeclassifiedaseitherlow-levellanguagesorhigh-levellanguages.Low-levelprogramminglanguages,ormachinelanguages,puter.puter.High-puter.Examplesofhigh-levellanguagesareC,C++,PASCAL,andFORTRAN.Assemblylanguagesareintermediatelanguagesthatareveryclosetomachinelanguagesanddonothavetheleveloflinguisticsophisticationexhibitedbyotherhigh-levellanguages,butmuststillbetranslatedintomachinelanguage.1.MachineLanguages
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