python中字节转字符串,如何在Python 3中在字节和字符串之间转换？

This is a Python 101 type question, but it had me baffled for a while when I tried to use a package that seemed to convert my string input into bytes.

As you will see below I found the answer for myself, but I felt it was worth recording here because of the time it took me to unearth what was going on. It seems to be generic to Python 3, so I have not referred to the original package I was playing with; it does not seem to be an error (just that the particular package had a .tostring() method that was clearly not producing what I understood as a string...)

My test program goes like this:

import mangler # spoof package

stringThing = """

Hello World

你好

"""

# print out the input

print('This is the string input:')

print(stringThing)

# now make the string into bytes

bytesThing = mangler.tostring(stringThing) # pseudo-code again

# now print it out

print('\nThis is the bytes output:')

print(bytesThing)

The output from this code gives this:

This is the string input:

Hello World

你好

This is the bytes output:

b'\n\n Hello World\n \xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd\n\n'

So, there is a need to be able to convert between bytes and strings, to avoid ending up with non-ascii characters being turned into gobbledegook.

解决方案

The 'mangler' in the above code sample was doing the equivalent of this:

bytesThing = stringThing.encode(encoding='UTF-8')

There are other ways to write this (notably using bytes(stringThing, encoding='UTF-8'), but the above syntax makes it obvious what is going on, and also what to do to recover the string:

newStringThing = bytesThing.decode(encoding='UTF-8')

When we do this, the original string is recovered.

Note, using str(bytesThing) just transcribes all the gobbledegook without converting it back into Unicode, unless you specifically request UTF-8, viz., str(bytesThing, encoding='UTF-8'). No error is reported if the encoding is not specified.