慕姐4208626
这些是PEP 3107中涵盖的功能注释。具体来说,->标记返回函数注释。例子:>>> def kinetic_energy(m:'in KG', v:'in M/S')->'Joules': ... return 1/2*m*v**2... >>> kinetic_energy.__annotations__{'return': 'Joules', 'v': 'in M/S', 'm': 'in KG'}注释是字典,因此您可以这样做:>>> '{:,} {}'.format(kinetic_energy(20,3000),
kinetic_energy.__annotations__['return'])'90,000,000.0 Joules'你也可以有一个python数据结构,而不仅仅是一个字符串:>>> rd={'type':float,'units':'Joules','docstring':'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'}>>> def f()->rd:... pass>>> f.__annotations__['return']['type']>>> f.__annotations__['return']['units']'Joules'>>> f.__annotations__['return']['docstring']'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'或者,您可以使用函数属性来验证调用值:def validate(func, locals):
for var, test in func.__annotations__.items():
value = locals[var]
try:
pr=test.__name__+': '+test.__docstring__ except AttributeError:
pr=test.__name__
msg = '{}=={}; Test: {}'.format(var, value, pr)
assert test(value), msgdef between(lo, hi):
def _between(x):
return lo <= x <= hi
_between.__docstring__='must be between {} and {}'.format(lo,hi)
return _betweendef f(x: between(3,10), y:lambda _y: isinstance(_y,int)):
validate(f, locals())
print(x,y)打印>>> f(2,2) AssertionError: x==2; Test: _between: must be between 3 and 10>>> f(3,2.1)AssertionError: y==2.1; Test: