python绘制等值线图_在Visual Studio Code中利用python3 matplotlib绘制等值线图

配置Python开发环境

安装python

记得勾选添加环境变量。Add Python to PATH

import this1

欣赏下python之禅

下载安装第三方包

pip install flake8

pip install yapf1

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检查是否已存在需要的包

pip list1

配置Visual Studio Code

用户设置

Visual Studio Code 文件 -> 首选项 -> 设置 -> 用户 配置settings.json

"python.pythonPath": "python3",1

工作区域设置

在工作区域输入以下内容：

{

"python.linting.flake8Enabled": true,

"python.formatting.provider": "yapf",

"python.linting.flake8Args": ["--max-line-length=248"],

"python.linting.pylintEnabled": false

}1

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matplotlib

安装matplotlib

python -m pip install matplotlib1

测试运行matplotlib

运行测试程序：

import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1, 11)

y = 2 * x + 5

plt.title("Matplotlib demo")

plt.xlabel("x axis caption")

plt.ylabel("y axis caption")

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.show()1

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basemap

安装geos

pip install geos1

安装basemap

basemap无法用pip安装

访问 https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

选择basemap，根据自己安装的Python版本选择，32和64是指安装的Python的版本，cp后面的数字是Python的版本。

还需在当前页面下载pyproj，pyhdf，netCDF4对应的whl包

pip install pyproj-2.4.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

pip install pyhdf-0.10.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

pip install basemap-1.2.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

pip install netCDF4-1.5.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl1

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测试运行basemap

运行测试程序：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))

m = Basemap()

m.drawcoastlines()

m.drawcountries(linewidth=1.5)

plt.show()1

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运行

参考 https://matplotlib.org/basemap/users/examples.html

我们使用第一个例子：Plot contour lines on a basemap（在地图上画轮廓线）

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

# set up orthographic map projection with

# perspective of satellite looking down at 50N, 100W.

# use low resolution coastlines.

map = Basemap(projection='ortho',lat_0=45,lon_0=-100,resolution='l')

# draw coastlines, country boundaries, fill continents.

map.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.25)

map.drawcountries(linewidth=0.25)

map.fillcontinents(color='coral',lake_color='aqua')

# draw the edge of the map projection region (the projection limb)

map.drawmapboundary(fill_color='aqua')

# draw lat/lon grid lines every 30 degrees.

map.drawmeridians(np.arange(0,360,30))

map.drawparallels(np.arange(-90,90,30))

# make up some data on a regular lat/lon grid.

nlats = 73; nlons = 145; delta = 2.*np.pi/(nlons-1)

lats = (0.5*np.pi-delta*np.indices((nlats,nlons))[0,:,:])

lons = (delta*np.indices((nlats,nlons))[1,:,:])

wave = 0.75*(np.sin(2.*lats)**8*np.cos(4.*lons))

mean = 0.5*np.cos(2.*lats)*((np.sin(2.*lats))**2 + 2.)

# compute native map projection coordinates of lat/lon grid.

x, y = map(lons*180./np.pi, lats*180./np.pi)

# contour data over the map.

cs = map.contour(x,y,wave+mean,15,linewidths=1.5)

plt.title('contour lines over filled continent background')

plt.show()1

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