细讲字符串的各种用法(上)https://www.zhihu.com/video/1183030029100027904
字符串是一个有序的字符的集合，用于存储和表示基本的文本信息，’ ‘或’’ ‘’或’’’ ‘’’中间包含的内容称之为字符串。
百度百科这样定义字符串指主要用于编程，概念说明、函数解释、用法详述见正文，这里补充一点：字符串在存储上类似字符数组，所以它每一位的单个元素都是可以提取的，如s=“abcdefghij”，则s[1]=“b”，s[9]="j"，而字符串的零位正是它的长度，如s[0]=10(※上述功能Ansistring没有。)，这可以给我们提供很多方便，如高精度运算时每一位都可以转化为数字存入数组。
字符串或串(String)是由数字、字母、下划线组成的一串字符。一般记为 s=“a1a2···an”(n>=0)。它是编程语言中表示文本的数据类型。在程序设计中，字符串(string)为符号或数值的一个连续序列，如符号串(一串字符)或二进制数字串(一串二进制数字)。
通常以串的整体作为操作对象，如：在串中查找某个子串、求取一个子串、在串的某个位置上插入一个子串以及删除一个子串等。两个字符串相等的充要条件是：长度相等，并且各个对应位置上的字符都相等。设p、q是两个串，求q在p中首次出现的位置的运算叫做模式匹配。串的两种最基本的存储方式是顺序存储方式和链接存储方式。
创建：s = 'Hello,Eva！How are you?'
特性：
1.按照从左到右的顺序定义字符集合，下标从0开始顺序访问，有序
2.
3.可以进行切片操作
4.不可变，字符串是不可变的，不能像列表一样修改其中某个元素，所有对字符串的修改操作其实都是相当于生成了一份新数据。
补充：
1.字符串的单引号和双引号都无法取消特殊字符的含义，如果想让引号内所有字符均取消特殊意义，在引号前面加r，如name＝r’l\thf’
字符串的常用操作
字符串操作方法有非常多，但有些不常用 ，我们只讲重要的一些给大家，其它100年都用不上的有兴趣可以自己研究def capitalize(self):
首字母大写
def casefold(self):
把字符串全变小写
>> > c = 'Alex Li'
>> > c.casefold()
'alex li'
def center(self, width, fillchar=None):
>> > c.center(50, "-")
'---------------------Alex Li----------------------'
def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
>>> s = "welcome to apeland"
>>> s.count('e')
3
>>> s.count('e',3)
2
>>> s.count('e',3,-1)
2
def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
"""
编码，日后讲
def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):
>> > s = "welcome to apeland"
>> > s.endswith("land") 判断以什么结尾
True
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0
def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
>> > s = "Welcome {0} to Apeland,you are No.{1} user."
>> > s.format("Eva", 9999)
'Welcome Eva to Apeland,you are No.9999 user.'
>> > s1 = "Welcome {name} to Apeland,you are No.{user_num} user."
>> > s1.format(name="Alex", user_num=999)
'Welcome Alex to Apeland,you are No.999 user.'
def format_map(self, mapping):
"""
S.format_map(mapping) -> str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
"""
讲完dict再讲这个
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
def isdigit(self):
"""
S.isdigit() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False
def islower(self):
"""
S.islower() -> bool
Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
def isspace(self):
"""
S.isspace() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
def isupper(self):
"""
S.isupper() -> bool
Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
def join(self, iterable):
"""
S.join(iterable) -> str
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S.
"""
>>> n = ['alex','jack','rain']
>>> '|'.join(n)
'alex|jack|rain'
def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None):
"""
S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return ""
def lower(self):
"""
S.lower() -> str
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
"""
return ""
def lstrip(self, chars=None):
"""
S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return ""
def replace(self, old, new, count=None):
"""
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
"""
return ""
def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None):
"""
S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return ""
def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
"""
S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
is a separator.
"""
return []
def rstrip(self, chars=None):
"""
S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return ""
def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
"""
S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
removed from the result.
"""
return []
def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False
def strip(self, chars=None):
"""
S.strip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
"""
return ""
def swapcase(self):
"""
S.swapcase() -> str
Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
and vice versa.
"""
return ""
def upper(self):
"""
S.upper() -> str
Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
"""
return ""
def zfill(self, width):
"""
S.zfill(width) -> str
Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
"""
return ""
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