python12306抢票_Python实例--12306的抢票功能

基础知识学习

目标： 通过python程序实现自动登录下单功能

知识点： Selenium + 云打码 + Python

学习链接：

需求分析

Chrome浏览器：71.0.3578.98_chrome_installer.exe

# 选择时间，点击确定，查询列表，获取列表页的请求URL

# 通过F12，查看当前页面的请求URL：

https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7,SHH&ts=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD,CDW&date=2019-02-03&flag=N,N,Y

# 查看请求参数

# 选择一条车次数据，查看该列表(一条tr一条数据)

# 获取时间元素

# 查看预定按钮

# 当根据时间选择好了列车后，点击预定按钮就会提示我们登录账号(注意是Ajax请求，所以需要until查找)

# 查找用户名和密码登录框的ID

# 截取验证码

安装插件 pip3 install Pillow

# 获取全屏图片 –> 计算截图位置(根据元素的宽和高确定大小) –> 截取所需要图片的大小

# 利用云打码进行验证码解析

# 定义打点(模拟选中图片)

# 点击登录

# 选择需要买票的人

# 点击提交

完整代码

12306.py

# coding: utf-8

import os

import time

import json

# 图片操作对象

from PIL import Image

# 将二进制文件转换为IO流输出

from io import BytesIO

import yundama

from selenium import webdriver

# 1. 导入模块

from selenium import webdriver

# 1> 等待对象模块

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

# 2> 导入等待条件模块

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 3> 导入查询元素模块

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome("chromedriver")

# 12306是异步请求，所以使用selenium的显性等待方案

wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10, 0.5) # 创建等待对象

# 请求参数

linktypeid = 'dc'

fs = '上海,SHH'

ts = '成都,CDW'

date ='2019-02-03'

flag = 'N,N,Y'

# 请求URL：

# https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=上海&ts=北京&date=2019-02-03&flag=N,N,Y

base_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid={}&fs={}&ts={}&date={}&flag={}"

url = base_url.format(linktypeid, fs, ts, date, flag)

# 访问12306的列表页面

browser.get(url)

# 通过时间判定，选择点击预订

# 寻找tr标签中，属性id以ticket开头的数据

tr_list = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//tr[starts-with(@id, 'ticket_')]"))) # 找到所有可见元素

for tr in tr_list:

count = 0

t_start = tr.find_element_by_class_name('start-t').text

with open('start.txt', 'a') as f:

f.write(t_start)

# 判断时间是否在符合条件的范围内

if count < 5 and t_start == "11:16": # 这里以06:33为例

tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72').click()

break

else:

count += 1

continue

# 点击账号(注意因为是异步加载的所有需要显性等待)

# browser.find_element_by_link_text("账号登录").click() # 因为还没有加载出来，因为是Ajax请求，所以要用until查找

wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, "账号登录"))).click()

# 打开json文件，

with open('account.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

account = json.load(f, encoding='utf-8')

# 输入用户名和密码

j_username = browser.find_element_by_id('J-userName').send_keys(account['username'])

j_password = browser.find_element_by_id('J-password').send_keys(account['password'])

# 获取全屏图片

full_img_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png()

# 计算截图位置

login_img_element = browser.find_element_by_id("J-loginImg")

# 获取截图元素对象

scale = 1.0

x1 = login_img_element.location["x"] - 155

y1 = login_img_element.location["y"] - 100

x2 = x1 + login_img_element.size["width"]

y2 = y1 + login_img_element.size["height"]

cut_info = (x1, y1, x2, y2)

print('cut_info', cut_info)

# 把全屏图片构建成全屏图片操作对象

full_img = Image.open(BytesIO(full_img_data))

# 通过截图信息对象截图图片

cut_img = full_img.crop(cut_info)

# 把图片保存到本地

cut_img.save('cut_img.png')

time.sleep(5)

# 利用云打码进行图片解析

result = yundama.decode('cut_img.png', '6701')

print('Image Decode:', result)

# 定义8个点击坐标点

positions = [

(80, 140),

(230, 140),

(380, 140),

(530, 140),

(80, 280),

(230, 280),

(380, 280),

(530, 280)

]

# 模拟点击坐标

for num in result:

position = positions[int(num) - 1]

# ActionChains 动作对象

ActionChains(browser).move_to_element_with_offset(login_img_element,position[0] / 2,position[1] / 2).click().perform()

print(position[0], position[1], "点击图片完成")

time.sleep(5)

# 点击登录

browser.find_element_by_id("J-login").click()

# 点击选择人物

wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "normalPassenger_1"))).click()

# 点击提交订单

browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()

time.sleep(2)

# 点击确认订单

wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id'))).click()

print("抢票成功，请支付")

time.sleep(5)

browser.quit()

account.json

{

"username":"18XXXXXXXXXX",

"password":"18XXXXXXXXXX"

}

yundama.json

import http.client, mimetypes, urllib, json, time, requests

######################################################################

class YDMHttp:

apiurl = 'http://api.yundama.com/api.php'

username = ''

password = ''

appid = ''

appkey = ''

def __init__(self, username, password, appid, appkey):

self.username = username

self.password = password

self.appid = str(appid)

self.appkey = appkey

def request(self, fields, files=[]):

response = self.post_url(self.apiurl, fields, files)

response = json.loads(response)

return response

def balance(self):

data = {'method': 'balance', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid,

'appkey': self.appkey}

response = self.request(data)

if (response):

if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):

return response['ret']

else:

return response['balance']

else:

return -9001

def login(self):

data = {'method': 'login', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid,

'appkey': self.appkey}

response = self.request(data)

if (response):

if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):

return response['ret']

else:

return response['uid']

else:

return -9001

def upload(self, filename, codetype, timeout):

data = {'method': 'upload', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid,

'appkey': self.appkey, 'codetype': str(codetype), 'timeout': str(timeout)}

file = {'file': filename}

response = self.request(data, file)

if (response):

if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):

return response['ret']

else:

return response['cid']

else:

return -9001

def result(self, cid):

data = {'method': 'result', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid,

'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid)}

response = self.request(data)

return response and response['text'] or ''

def decode(self, filename, codetype, timeout):

cid = self.upload(filename, codetype, timeout)

if (cid > 0):

for i in range(0, timeout):

result = self.result(cid)

if (result != ''):

return cid, result

else:

time.sleep(1)

return -3003, ''

else:

return cid, ''

def report(self, cid):

data = {'method': 'report', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid,

'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid), 'flag': '0'}

response = self.request(data)

if (response):

return response['ret']

else:

return -9001

def post_url(self, url, fields, files=[]):

for key in files:

files[key] = open(files[key], 'rb');

res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=fields)

return res.text

def decode(filename, codetype):

######################################################################

# 用户名

username = 'XXXXXXXXX'

# 密码

password = 'XXXXXXXX'

# 软件ＩＤ，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！

appid = 6795

# 软件密钥，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！

appkey = '62a6760f83a91f818be141d9a77463c5'

# 图片文件

# filename = 'getimage.jpg'

# 验证码类型，# 例：1004表示4位字母数字，不同类型收费不同。请准确填写，否则影响识别率。

# 在此查询所有类型 http://www.yundama.com/price.html

# codetype = 3000

# 超时时间，秒

timeout = 60

# 检查

if (username == 'username'):

print('请设置好相关参数再测试')

else:

# 初始化

yundama = YDMHttp(username, password, appid, appkey)

# 登陆云打码

uid = yundama.login();

print('uid: %s' % uid)

# 查询余额

balance = yundama.balance();

print('balance: %s' % balance)

# 开始识别，图片路径，验证码类型ID，超时时间（秒），识别结果

cid, result = yundama.decode(filename, codetype, timeout);

print('cid: %s, result: %s' % (cid, result))

return result

######################################################################