计算机功能youycpu,第11章 计算机系统概述

11

11.1 19661.SISD SISDSISD,

2. SIMD 3.MISD MISD4.MIMD MIMD

: 1. 2. : (1), 2cacheCPU 3 CPU CPU 4

1. IBMDEC 2.

1. Cache

processing data ratePDRPDRPDRPDRCPU equivalent multiply rateEMR Cache benchmark MIPS MFLOPS VAX l l78 1MIPS

2. 1 2 3SPEC 4 5 3.

11.2.1 ( 11.2

Intel Intel 19681981IBMIntelPCIntel Cache

133MHzPentium133MHz66MHz3.5100MHzCPU350MHZIntel CPUCPUBIOSCPU

11.2.2 ,:4816 3264

1.,CPUI0 2.,CPUI0

3. CPUROMRAMI0()I0CRT 4. .

11.2.3 (PDA) PDA(personal digital assistant)Apple19921993ApplePDAPDAWeb

1PDA PDA PDAmodem

PDA 2 PDA PDA Internet

PCDOSwindows CEconsulter electronic Window CEMicrosoft,Windows modemEmallFax electronic organizerPDA, PDA

3 PDA PDAMPU MPU 3.3VPDA PDAMPULCD PDA 20 90 RISC MPURISCCISC PDARAMROMPDAflash RAMPDA

PDAmodernPCMCIAPDAEmalFax PDA

11.3

// 40~5080~125500 50~60100~170300~500 80~100220~240500~800

HPC windows CEPDAHPCPCwindows CE HPCHPCROM8MB.

11.2.4 ( PC) SOCSystem On Chip/ CPU1632Motorola 6836032CPUCPUDMADRAM 10Mb

PDA 80X86 C

PC PCIOMTBF

PC 1 50 2

3 4

CPUROMRAMEEPROMIO ROMchip operating systemCOS RAMEEPROMIOMCUIO

ICIC ICISO 781685ResetCLKIOISO 7816 IC:1cm10cm

1 2COS COSCOSCOSROM EEPROM COS

ISO 7816 3 COS

15V3. 3V

2 3 4 5 6

11.3 UNIXwindows NT, 20802080

CPU 1CPU CISCCPUM0torola 65000)IBMSUNSGIHPCompaqDECRISCPower PCHPPA Alpha 2Cache

3host bridge CADCAMCAE 410MbS100MbS 1000MbS

5 SCSI 6 UNIXWindows NT 7 CADCAMCAE

207O 20 80 PCPC

PC SMP

11.4 11.4.1 Medium Multi Mediurn

PhilipsSonyCDROMISO650MB Intel Pentium MMX Pentium

11.211.4.2 112

1 1 CPU 2 3 4Musical instrument digital interfaceMIDICDROM 52 1

2Windows 9598 / 2000 3 4

11.4.3 1 640X48024 7.37MB30221MB44.1KHZ161.4MB,

ISOMPEG MPEG19931.5MbS30360X240MPEG219941130720X480 4-10MbS MPEG21440XI 152PAL MPEG464kbSMPEG4 MPEGsettop boxInternetWWW

2 bPSMbSHDTV3. CPUCPU

4 5 6 46

11.4.4 1 1RGBYUVYUVYUVYY UVUVYUV422411

PALDRGBYUV Y=0.3R0. 59G0. 11B U=BY V=RY 2 3 ADYUV 4YUVRGB DAYUVYUVRGB R=YV G=Y0.19U0.51V B=YU

RGB 2 ADDA11.4.5 1

CDROMCDROM CDROMCDROM

2 1

2 3

11.5 20702080RISC 1Super scalar

Intel 80960A 333 1989Intel i80960IBM Power PC

2. (Super pipeline) 11. 3d13 3CPU

3VLIW VLIWVLIW115322567140us66111211 VLIW

11.6 NN

1 20602070

2 l 2 3 4

11.7 SISD 1 SIMDarray processor

2 MIMD 3

l

2

11.8 11.8.1

1Local Area Network LAN 2.5km 10.1Mb100Mb 2metropolitan area network MAN

LAN10km 50Mbs 3Wide Area Network WAN 0.1Mbs11.8.2 3COM3C50XNOVELLNE2000

81664 11.22

2060 Internet

Internet 1 2 3LED100km

11.8.3 1 ISOOSI ISO OSIOpen System InterConnectionbasic reference model ISOOSI 11 24 7ABABBA

RS232

ISOOSIABA

B

2TCPIP TCP/IPNSFNASATCPIPTCPIP1969ARPANET IPIP TCPIP4 1

2TCP 3IP IPIPIP IP 4

11.8.4 Internet Internet2080InternetTCPIPInternetIP 1 IP TCPIPInternet4324166111165IP IPInternetIPInternetIP

InternetInternet tsinghuaeducn tsinghuaeducntsinrtua tsinghuacomcn com InternetStar Star cs tsinghua edu on CS

InternetIP IPIPIP 2Internet Internet lEmail EmailEmail

Internet InternetEmailEmail Email Wangstarcstsinghuaeducn 2FTP FTPFTP

CERNETFTP CERNET ftpftp net edun ftp://ftp tsinghua edu on 3Telnet TelnetBBSTelnet Telnet

4BBS InternetTelnet CERNET BBS telnetbbs tsinghua educn BBS BBS 5 Internet GopherInternetGopherCERNETGopher

Gopher://gopher net edu cn Gopher Gopher GopherInternetGopherGopher

6WWW World Wide WebInternetWWW

WWWWWW Internet WWWWWWInternetWWW WWWHTTP WWWWWWWWWWWW WWW 1 Chinanet http://www cnc ac cn

2 CERNET http://ww cernet edu cn 3 http://www net edu cn 4 http://www pku edu cn

1111.2 11.4 11.5 11.7 11.11 11.1211.13 SIMDMIMDPDAHPC