oracle merge into 语法 10g,oracle 9i/10g merge 用法

oracle 9i/10g merge用法

oracle9i的merge

MERGE语句是Oracle9i新增的语法，用来合并UPDATE和INSERT语句。通过MERGE语句，根据一张表或子查询的连接条件对另外一张表进行查询，连接条件匹配上的进行UPDATE，无法匹配的执行INSERT。这个语法仅需要一次全表扫描就完成了全部工作，执行效率要高于INSERT＋UPDATE。[@more@]

Oracle 9i/10g merge用法

oracle9i的merge

MERGE语句是Oracle9i新增的语法，用来合并UPDATE和INSERT语句。通过MERGE语句，根据一张表或子查询的连接条件对另外一张表进行查询，连接条件匹配上的进行UPDATE，无法匹配的执行INSERT。这个语法仅需要一次全表扫描就完成了全部工作，执行效率要高于INSERT＋UPDATE。

语法如下:

MERGE INTO table_name AS table_alias

USING (table|view|sub_query) AS aliasON (join condition)

WHEN MATCHED THEN

UPDATE SET

col1 = col_val1,col2 = col2_val

WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN

INSERT (column_list) VALUES (column_values);

CREATE TABLE T AS SELECT ROWNUM ID, A.* FROM DBA_OBJECTS A;

表已创建。

CREATE TABLE T1 AS SELECT ROWNUM ID, OWNER, TABLE_NAME, CAST('TABLE' AS VARCHAR2(100)) OBJECT_TYPE FROM DBA_TABLES;

表已创建。

MERGE INTO T1 USING T ON (T.OWNER = T1.OWNER AND T.OBJECT_NAME = T1.TABLE_NAME AND T.OBJECT_TYPE = T1.OBJECT_TYPE)

WHEN MATCHED THEN

UPDATE SET T1.ID = T.ID

WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN

INSERT VALUES (T.ID, T.OWNER, T.OBJECT_NAME, T.OBJECT_TYPE);

6165行已合并。

SELECT ID, OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM T

MINUS

SELECT * FROM T1;

未选定行MERGE语法其实很简单，下面稍微修改一下例子。

SQL> DROP TABLE T;

表已丢弃。

SQL> DROP TABLE T1;

表已丢弃。

SQL> CREATE TABLE T AS SELECT ROWNUM ID, A.* FROM DBA_OBJECTS A;

表已创建。

SQL> CREATE TABLE T1 AS SELECT ROWNUM ID, OWNER, TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLES;

表已创建。

SQL> MERGE INTO T1 USING T

2 ON (T.OWNER = T1.OWNER AND T.OBJECT_NAME = T1.TABLE_NAME)

3 WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET T1.ID = T.ID

4 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (T.ID, T.OWNER, T.OBJECT_NAME);

MERGE INTO T1 USING T*

ERROR位于第1行:

ORA-30926:无法在源表中获得一组稳定的行这个错误是使用MERGE最常见的错误，造成这个错误的原因是由于通过连接条件得到的T的记录不唯一。

最简单的解决方法类似：

SQL> MERGE INTO T1

2 USING (SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, MAX(ID) ID FROM T GROUP BY OWNER, OBJECT_NAME) T

3 ON (T.OWNER = T1.OWNER AND T.OBJECT_NAME = T1.TABLE_NAME)

4 WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET T1.ID = T.ID

5 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (T.ID, T.OWNER, T.OBJECT_NAME);5775行已合并。

另外，MERGE语句的UPDATE不能修改用于连接的列，否则会报错，详细信息可以参考：

===============================================================

在Oracle 10g之前，merge语句支持匹配更新和不匹配插入2种简单的用法，在10g中Oracle对merge语句做了增强，增加了条件选项和DELETE操作。下面我通过一个demo来简单介绍一下10g中merge的增强和10g前merge的用法。

参考Oracle的SQL Reference，大家可以看到Merge Statement的语法如下：MERGE [hint] INTO [schema .] table [t_alias] USING [schema .] { table | view | subquery } [t_alias] ON ( condition ) WHEN MATCHED THEN merge_update_clause WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN merge_insert_clause;下面我在windows xp下10.2.0.1版本上做一个测试看看

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production

TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL>

一、创建测试用的表

SQL> create table subs(msid number(9),

2 ms_type char(1),

3 areacode number(3)

4 );

表已创建。

SQL> create table acct(msid number(9),

2 bill_month number(6),

3 areacode number(3),

4 fee number(8,2) default 0.00);

表已创建。

SQL>

SQL> insert into subs values(905310001,0,531);

已创建1行。

SQL> insert into subs values(905320001,1,532);

已创建1行。

SQL> insert into subs values(905330001,2,533);

已创建1行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL>

二、下面先演示一下merge的基本功能

1) matched和not matched clauses同时使用

merge into acct a

using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

when MATCHED then

update set a.areacode=b.areacode

when NOT MATCHED then

insert(msid,bill_month,areacode)

values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode);

2)只有not matched clause,也就是只插入不更新

merge into acct a

using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

when NOT MATCHED then

insert(msid,bill_month,areacode)

values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode);

3)只有matched clause,也就是只更新不插入

merge into acct a

using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

when MATCHED then

update set a.areacode=b.areacode

Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0

Connected as study

SQL> select * from subs;

MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE

---------- ------- --------

905310001 0 531

905320001 1 532

905330001 2 533

SQL> select * from acct;

MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE

---------- ---------- -------- ----------

SQL>

SQL> merge into acct a

2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

3 when MATCHED then

4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode

5 when NOT MATCHED then

6 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode)

7 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode);

Done

SQL> select * from acct;

MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE

---------- ---------- -------- ----------

905320001 200702 532 0.00

905330001 200702 533 0.00

905310001 200702 531 0.00

SQL> insert into subs values(905340001,3,534);

1 row inserted

SQL> select * from subs;

MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE

---------- ------- --------

905340001 3 534

905310001 0 531

905320001 1 532

905330001 2 533

SQL>

SQL> merge into acct a

2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

3 when NOT MATCHED then

4 insert(msid,bill_month,areacode)

5 values(b.msid,'200702',b.areacode);

Done

SQL> select * from acct;

MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE

---------- ---------- -------- ----------

905320001 200702 532 0.00

905330001 200702 533 0.00

905310001 200702 531 0.00

905340001 200702 534 0.00

SQL> update subs set areacode=999;

4 rows updated

SQL> select * from subs;

MSID MS_TYPE AREACODE

---------- ------- --------

905340001 3 999

905310001 0 999

905320001 1 999

905330001 2 999

SQL> select * from acct;

MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE

---------- ---------- -------- ----------

905320001 200702 532 0.00

905330001 200702 533 0.00

905310001 200702 531 0.00

905340001 200702 534 0.00

SQL>

SQL> merge into acct a

2 using subs b on (a.msid=b.msid)

3 when MATCHED then

4 update set a.areacode=b.areacode;

Done

SQL> select * from acct;

MSID BILL_MONTH AREACODE FEE

---------- ---------- -------- ----------

905320001 200702 999 0.00

9053300