通过THEMIS GBO站网的前所未有的覆盖和高时空分辨率，我们详细分析了亚暴爆发时全球尺度上光学极光的发展阶段。识别出亚暴爆发极光现象的几个步骤，指出最快速的发展阶段是亚暴极区扩张（SPE），这对于准确测定亚暴爆发时间最为关键。这一阶段标志着大气中由于粒子沉降和极光电流带的能量耗散开始。我们还检测到一些前兆特征，并测量了与这些亚暴相关的磁场脉冲到达THEMIS卫星的时间。利用这些时间，结合假设的离子声速范围（300-800 km/s），我们计算了磁场脉冲的起源位置和时间。该方法仅适用于地面亚暴迹象与THEMIS卫星磁力线足点的局部时间（经度）非常接近的情况。计算出的起源位置的x距离高度依赖于假设的传播速度模型和相应的磁声速度。三个事件的起始点x距离在11到17.6 RE之间，表明起始区域需要高度拉伸的磁场线才能映射到极光爆发纬度，但通常认为这个位置对于中性线形成来说过近。对应的起始时间范围在0到170秒SPE之前，强烈依赖于假设的传播速度。
摘要：
The unprecedented coverage of the THEMIS GBO station network coupled with high temporal and spatial resolution allowed us to determine the various stages of the global scale developments of the optical aurora at substorm onsets. We identified several steps of the substorm onset auroral phenomena and we suggest that the most rapid development is the starting of the Substorm Poleward Expansion (SPE) and it is most useful for accurate timing of the substorm onset. The physical significance of this step is the start of the large scale substorm energy dissipation in the atmosphere due to particle precipitation and auroral electrojet currents. We also recognized several pre-cursor features. We also measured the time of arrival of magnetic impulses associated with the same substorms at the THEMIS satellites. We used these times and a simple model with assumed iono-acoustic speeds in the range of 300–800 km/s to calculate the location and time of the origin of the magnetic impulses propagating from substorm onset. The assumption was made that the substorm occurred between two THEMIS satellites and the impulses propagated away from a singular starting point in and out along the magneto tail GSM-x axis. This technique is only useful in cases where the ground based signature of the substorm is very close in local time (or longitude) to the foot of the field lines of the THEMIS satellites. The x distance of the calculated origins were naturally highly dependent on the assumed propagation velocity model and the associated magneto-sonic speed. The resulting x distances of the starting point for the three events ranged between 11 and 17.6 RE. denoting a starting region that requires highly stretched field lines to map to the auroral onset latitude but which is generally considered to be too close for neutral line formation. The corresponding start times were in the range of 0 to 170 s prior SPE depending strongly on the assumed propagation speed.
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