1、条件测试
1.1检查是否相等
例子:
red = "color"
red == "color"
运行结果:
TRUE
备注:检查是否相等时不考虑大小写
1.2检查是否不等
例子:
color = "red"
if color != "green":
print("This color is not green.")
运行结果:
This color is not green.
1.3比较数字
例子:
age = 18
age == 18
运行结果:
TRUE
备注:可以在条件语句中包含各种数学比较,如<,>,=,<=,>=等等
1.4检查多个条件
使用and检查多个条件
例子:
age_0 = 18
age_1 = 21
age_0 >=20 and age_1>=20
age_0 = 22
age_0 >=20 and age_1>=20
运行结果:
FALSE
TRUE
使用or检查多个条件
例子:
age_0 = 18
age_1 = 21
age_0 >=20 or age_1>=20
age_1 =19
age_0 >=20 or age_1>=20
运行结果:
TRUE
FALSE
1.5检查特定值是否包含在列表中
使用关键字in
例子:
names = ["Alice","Petter","Kitty","Ben"]
"Alice" in names
"Jack" in names
运行结果:
TRUE
FALSE
1.6检查特定值是否不包含在列表中
使用关键字not in
例子:
names = ["Alice","Petter","Kitty","Ben"]
my_name = "Jack"
if my_name not in names:
print("My name is not in name list.")
运行结果:
My name is not in name list.
1.7布尔表达式
布尔表达式是条件测试的别名。结果要么为TRUE,要么为FALSE。
2、if语句
例子:
age = 19
if age => 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
运行结果:
You are old enough to vote!
3、if-else语句
例子:
age = 17
if age => 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
else:
print("Sorry,you are too young to vote.")
运行结果:
Sorry,you are too young to vote.
4、if-elif-else语句
age = 12
if age < 4:
pirnt("baby")
elif age<16:
print("children")
else
print("man")
运行结果:
children
备注:可以使用多个elif代码块
5、确定列表不是为空的
例子:
colors = []
if colors :
for color in colors:
print(color)
else:
print("NO COLOR!")
运行结果:
NO COLOR!
备注:在if语句中将列表名用在条件表达式中时,Python将在列表至少包含一个元素时返回TRUE,并在列表为空时返回FALSE。
资料来源:Python编程从入门到实践,作者:Eric Matthes 著