多线程 Lock对象
与synchronized类似的,lock也能够达到同步的效果
步骤 1 : 回忆 synchronized 同步的方式
首先回忆一下 synchronized 同步对象的方式
当一个线程占用 synchronized 同步对象,其他线程就不能占用了,直到释放这个同步对象为止
package multiplethread;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestThread {
public static String now(){
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Object someObject = new Object();
Thread t1 = new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println( now()+" t1 线程已经运行");
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject");
synchronized (someObject) {
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject");
}
System.out.println(now()+" t1 线程结束");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t1.setName(" t1");
t1.start();
Thread t2 = new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println( now()+" t2 线程已经运行");
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject");
synchronized (someObject) {
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject");
}
System.out.println(now()+" t2 线程结束");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t2.setName(" t2");
t2.start();
}
}
步骤 2 : 使用Lock对象实现同步效果
Lock是一个接口,为了使用一个Lock对象,需要用到
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
与 synchronized (someObject) 类似的,lock()方法,表示当前线程占用lock对象,一旦占用,其他线程就不能占用了。
与 synchronized 不同的是,一旦synchronized 块结束,就会自动释放对someObject的占用。 lock却必须调用unlock方法进行手动释放,为了保证释放的执行,往往会把unlock() 放在finally中进行。
package multiplethread;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThread {
public static String now() {
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg) {
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
//先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
步骤 3 : trylock方法
synchronized 是 不占用到手不罢休的,会一直试图占用下去。
与 synchronized 的 钻牛角尖不一样,Lock接口还提供了一个trylock方法。
trylock会在指定时间范围内 试图占用,占成功了,就 啪啪啪。 如果时间到了,还占用不成功,扭头就走~
注意: 因为使用trylock有可能成功,有可能失败,所以后面unlock释放锁的时候,需要判断是否占用成功了,如果没占用成功也unlock,就会抛出异常
package multiplethread;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThread {
public static String now() {
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg) {
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
boolean locked = false;
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if(locked){
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
}
else{
log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(locked){
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
//先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
boolean locked = false;
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if(locked){
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
}
else{
log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(locked){
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
步骤 4 : 线程交互
使用synchronized方式进行线程交互,用到的是同步对象的wait,notify和notifyAll方法
Lock也提供了类似的解决办法,首先通过lock对象得到一个Condition对象,然后分别调用这个Condition对象的:await, signal,signalAll 方法
注意: 不是Condition对象的wait,nofity,notifyAll方法,是await,signal,signalAll
package multiplethread;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThread {
public static String now() {
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg) {
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
log("临时释放对象 lock, 并等待");
condition.await();
log("重新占有对象 lock,并进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
//先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
log("唤醒等待中的线程");
condition.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
步骤 5 : 总结Lock和synchronized的区别Lock是一个接口,而synchronized是Java中的关键字,synchronized是内置的语言实现,Lock是代码层面的实现。
Lock可以选择性的获取锁,如果一段时间获取不到,可以放弃。synchronized不行,会一根筋一直获取下去。 借助Lock的这个特性,就能够规避死锁,synchronized必须通过谨慎和良好的设计,才能减少死锁的发生。
synchronized在发生异常和同步块结束的时候,会自动释放锁。而Lock必须手动释放, 所以如果忘记了释放锁,一样会造成死锁。
当多个线程按照不同顺序占用多个同步对象的时候,就有可能产生死锁现象。
死锁之所以会发生,就是因为synchronized 如果占用不到同步对象,就会苦苦的一直等待下去,借助tryLock的有限等待时间,解决死锁问题
答案 :
package multiplethread;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThread {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Lock lock_ahri = new ReentrantLock();
Lock lock_annie = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
// 占有九尾妖狐 boolean ahriLocked = false;
boolean annieLocked = false;
try {
ahriLocked = lock_ahri.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (ahriLocked) {
System.out.println("t1 已占有九尾妖狐");
// 停顿1000秒,另一个线程有足够的时间占有安妮 Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("t1 试图在10秒内占有安妮");
try {
annieLocked = lock_annie.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (annieLocked)
System.out.println("t1 成功占有安妮,开始啪啪啪");
else{
System.out.println("t1 老是占用不了安妮,放弃");
}
} finally {
if (annieLocked){
System.out.println("t1 释放安妮");
lock_annie.unlock();
}
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (ahriLocked){
System.out.println("t1 释放九尾狐");
lock_ahri.unlock();
}
}
}
};
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
boolean annieLocked = false;
boolean ahriLocked = false;
try {annieLocked = lock_annie.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (annieLocked){
System.out.println("t2 已占有安妮");
// 停顿1000秒,另一个线程有足够的时间占有安妮 Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("t2 试图在10秒内占有九尾妖狐");
try {
ahriLocked = lock_ahri.tryLock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (ahriLocked)
System.out.println("t2 成功占有九尾妖狐,开始啪啪啪");
else{
System.out.println("t2 老是占用不了九尾妖狐,放弃");
}
}
finally {
if (ahriLocked){
System.out.println("t2 释放九尾狐");
lock_ahri.unlock();
}
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (annieLocked){
System.out.println("t2 释放安妮");
lock_annie.unlock();
}
}
}
};
t2.start();
}
}