k8s dashboard_【大强哥-k8s从入门到放弃02】Kubernetes1.17部署Dashboard2.0

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-17 20:09:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-17 20:09:38 发布

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开始正题

注：因为本次部署在Centos8.1上，Dashboard必须使用2.0-rc6以上版本，rc6以下测试部署不成功

一、Dashboard介绍

Dashboard 是基于网页的 Kubernetes 用户界面。您可以使用 Dashboard 将容器应用部署到 Kubernetes 集群中，也可以对容器应用排错，还能管理集群资源。您可以使用 Dashboard 获取运行在集群中的应用的概览信息，也可以创建或者修改 Kubernetes 资源（如 Deployment，Job，DaemonSet 等等）。例如，您可以对 Deployment 实现弹性伸缩、发起滚动升级、重启 Pod 或者使用向导创建新的应用。

二、获取并修改Yaml文件

GitHub上目前最新版本是dashboard v2.0.0-rc6

项目地址 https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases
# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

修改service通过NodePort方式访问K8S Dashboard

# vim recommended.yaml

应用配置文件

# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

查看pod和service

[root@master dashboard1]# kubectl get pod -o wide -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b8b58dc8b-29wxq   1/1     Running   0          19m   10.244.2.18   node2   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-755dcb9575-fj8jl        1/1     Running   0          19m   10.244.1.28   node1   <none>           <none>
[root@master dashboard1]# kubectl get svc -o wide -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTOR
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.98.53.94    <none>        8000/TCP        19m   k8s-app=dashboard-metrics-scraper
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.109.85.22   <none>        443:30001/TCP   19m   k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

访问Dashboard

注：通过Chrome、IE、Safari可能无法访问这个页面，这里使用火狐访问

火狐浏览器访问

创建一个dashboard用户

# vim create-admin.yaml

获取Token

[root@master dashboard1]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-z4jp6
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 349285ce-741d-4dc1-a600-1843a6ec9751

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InY5M1pSc3RpejBVZ0x6LTNSbWlCc2t5b01ualNZWnpYMVB5YzUwNmZ3ZmsifQ.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.JtCa0VC7tYtIGLWlwSKUwqSL0T8eRvZ8jk_AUxB4Atmi5PjF9IjAHNNwGS3HaTL3Q86fCI8MvYGf3Eplk9X-n-g9WsrFIxXxa0wGJxZp0d8R78A6vuN7I7Zd5CeQm_O2ycTUuQhYnSZlNplF8X033QOfjOoFnKKevbn2094XXWWZuAsT9haGnZ8BX92DmYzsaMyLesfv7ZziJD80KgSQ8_jtb0n55zw5cedYTsRCZgofJ_o9U5SUW3I0AXG-vVhI28m0sMBjZkuMppfB4eMLnSDH-XAw3Gvwe_2NOLfS4hBTkYu7gJket-gif9Cs8Ybkzvf2qXdZW5fydZUuSylafg
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes

登录dashboard

登陆后界面

三、使用Dashboard

在Dashboard中，我们之前通过kubectl所做的操作大部分都可以可视化操作

比如

可以对Deployment做伸缩

2. 执行命令以及日志追踪

3. 编辑资源的yaml文件

4. 导入yaml文件创建，更新资源等等

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四、自己制作证书

1、删除上面创建的各种资源

# kubectl  delete -f create-admin.yaml 
# kubectl  delete -f dashboard-admin-bind-cluster-role.yaml 
# kubectl  delete -f recommended.yaml

2、修改recommended.yaml文件

#因为我们要手动创建名称空间，把这里的创建删除掉，不然如果出了错用yaml删除ns的时候也会把里面的资源全部删掉
#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Namespace
#metadata:
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---
#增加直接访问端口
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort #增加
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30008 #增加
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---
#注释掉kubernetes-dashboard-certs对象声明
#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
#type: Opaque

---

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc6
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            #- --auto-generate-certificates  ##注释掉自动生成证书
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port

            # 添加我们自己生成的证书名称
            - --tls-cert-file=/dashboard.crt
            - --tls-key-file=/dashboard.key
            - --token-ttl=3600

3、创建证书

# mkdir /root/certs
# cd /root/certs/

创建key文件
# openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048

证书请求
# openssl req -new -out dashboard.csr -key dashboard.key -subj '/CN=192.168.1.201'

自签证书
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt 

创建命名空间
# kubectl create namespace kubernetes-dashboard

创建kubernetes-dashboard-certs对象
# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/root/certs/dashboard.key --from-file=/root/certs/dashboard.crt -n kubernetes-dashboard

4、安装 Dashboard

创建账号绑定权限
# vim  create-admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard


安装Dashboard
# kubectl create -f  ~/recommended.yaml

检查结果
# kubectl get pods -A  -o wide
# kubectl get service -n kubernetes-dashboard  -o wide

5、查看用户Token

# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

6、访问

五、安装 metrics-server 插件

1、简单介绍

Heapster已经被Metrics-Server取代，如果使用Kubernetes的自动扩容功能的话，那首先得有一个插件，然后该插件将收集到的信息（cpu、memory..）与自动扩容的设置的值进行比对，自动调整pod数量。关于该插件，在kubernetes的早些版本中采用的是heapster，1.13版本正式发布后，丢弃了heapster，官方推荐采用metrics-sever。

2、下载相关yaml文件

https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server

[root@k8s-master ~]# git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server.git
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd metrics-server/deploy/1.8+/
[root@k8s-master 1.8+]# ll
总用量 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 384 4月  28 09:46 aggregated-metrics-reader.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 308 4月  28 09:46 auth-delegator.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 329 4月  28 09:46 auth-reader.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 298 4月  28 09:46 metrics-apiservice.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 815 4月  28 09:46 metrics-server-deployment.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 291 4月  28 09:46 metrics-server-service.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 502 4月  28 09:46 resource-reader.yaml

3、修改安装脚本

vim metrics-server-deployment.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  template:
    metadata:
      name: metrics-server
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      # mount in tmp so we can safely use from-scratch images and/or read-only containers
      - name: tmp-dir
        emptyDir: {}
      containers:
      - name: metrics-server
        image: mirrorgooglecontainers/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6  # 修改镜像下载地址
        args:        # 添加以下内容
          - --cert-dir=/tmp
          - --secure-port=4443
          - --kubelet-insecure-tls
          - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        ports:
        - name: main-port
          containerPort: 4443
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        volumeMounts:
        - name: tmp-dir
          mountPath: /tmp

5、执行安装脚本并产看结果

#安装
[root@k8s-master 1.8+]# kubectl create -f 。

#1-2分钟后查看结果
[root@k8s-master 1.8+]# kubectl top nodes
NAME         CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master   256m         12%    2002Mi          52%       
k8s-node1    103m         5%     1334Mi          34%       
k8s-node2    144m         7%     1321Mi          34%

再回到dashboard界面可以看到CPU和内存使用情况了

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【大强哥-k8s从入门到放弃01】Kubernetes容器编排入门 - 云计算大强哥的文章 - 知乎 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/112963721

Centos8.1部署kubernetes1.17 - 云计算大强哥的文章 - 知乎 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/112834020