python爬虫requests库_Python利用Requests库写爬虫的实例详解

基本Get请求：#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requests

url = 'www.baidu.com'r = requests.get(url)print r.text

带参数Get请求：#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requests

url = 'http://www.baidu.com'payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

r = requests.get(url, params=payload)print r.text

POST请求模拟登陆及一些返回对象的方法：#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requests

url1 = 'www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = "www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}

headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"

}

res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)

res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)print res2.conten

t#获得二进制响应内容print res2.raw#获得原始响应内容,需要stream=Trueprint res2.raw.read(50)print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容print res2.urlprint res2.history#追踪重定向print res2.cookiesprint res2.cookies['example_cookie_name']print res2.headersprint res2.headers['Content-Type']print res2.headers.get('content-type')print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为jsonprint res2.encoding#返回内容编码print res2.status_code#返回http状态码print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码

使用Session()对象的写法（Prepared Requests）:#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requests

s = requests.Session()

url1 = 'www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = "www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}

headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36"

}

prepped1 = requests.Request('POST', url1,

data=data,

headers=headers

).prepare()

s.send(prepped1)'''

也可以这样写

res = requests.Request('POST', url1,

data=data,

headers=headers

)

prepared = s.prepare_request(res)

# do something with prepped.body

# do something with prepped.headers

s.send(prepared)

'''prepare2 = requests.Request('POST', url2,

headers=headers

).prepare()

res2 = s.send(prepare2)print res2.content

另一种写法 :#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestss = requests.Session()url1 = 'www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = "www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址data={"user":"user","password":"pass"}headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" }res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)res2 = s.post(url2)print(resp2.content)

SessionApi

其他的一些请求方式

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")>>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")>>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

遇到的问题:

在cmd下执行，遇到个小错误:

UnicodeEncodeError:'gbk' codec can't encode character u'\xbb' in position 23460: illegal multibyte sequence

分析:

1、Unicode是编码还是解码

UnicodeEncodeError

很明显是在编码的时候出现了错误

2、用了什么编码

'gbk' codec can't encode character

使用GBK编码出错

解决办法：

确定当前字符串，比如#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requests

url = 'www.baidu.com'r = requests.get(url)print r.encoding

>utf-8

已经确定html的字符串是utf-8的，则可以直接去通过utf-8去编码。

print r.text.encode('utf-8')

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