hasattr()函数
hasattr()函数用于判断是否包含对应的属性
语法:
hasattr(object,name)
参数:
object--对象
name--字符串,属性名
返回值:
如果对象有该属性返回True,否则返回False
示例:
class People:
country='China'
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def people_info(self):
print('%s is xxx' %(self.name))
obj=People('aaa')
print(hasattr(People,'country'))
#返回值:True
print('country' in People.__dict__)
#返回值:True
print(hasattr(obj,'people_info'))
#返回值:True
print(People.__dict__)
##{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'China', '__init__': , 'people_info': , '__dict__': , '__weakref__': , '__doc__': None}
getattr()函数
描述:
getattr()函数用于返回一个对象属性值
语法:
getattr(object,name,default)
参数:
object--对象
name--字符串,对象属性
default--默认返回值,如果不提供该参数,在没有对于属性时,将触发AttributeError。
返回值:
返回对象属性值
class People:
country='China'
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def people_info(self):
print('%s is xxx' %(self.name))
obj=getattr(People,'country')
print(obj)
#返回值China
#obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa')
#print(obj)
#报错
# File "/getattr()函数.py", line 32, in
# obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa')
# AttributeError: type object 'People' has no attribute 'countryaaaaaa'
obj=getattr(People,'countryaaaaaa',None)
print(obj)
#返回值None
setattr()函数
描述:
setattr函数,用于设置属性值,该属性必须存在
语法:
setattr(object,name,value)
参数:
object--对象
name--字符串,对象属性
value--属性值
返回值:
无
class People:
country='China'
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def people_info(self):
print('%s is xxx' %(self.name))
obj=People('aaa')
setattr(People,'x',111) #等同于People.x=111
print(People.x)
#obj.age=18
setattr(obj,'age',18)
print(obj.__dict__)
#{'name': 'aaa', 'age': 18}
print(People.__dict__)
#{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'China', '__init__': , 'people_info': , '__dict__': , '__weakref__': , '__doc__': None, 'x': 111}
delattr()函数
描述:
delattr函数用于删除属性
delattr(x,'foobar)相当于del x.foobar
语法:
setattr(object,name)
参数:
object--对象
name--必须是对象的属性
返回值:
无
示例:
class People:
country='China'
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def people_info(self):
print('%s is xxx' %(self.name))
delattr(People,'country') #等同于del People.country
print(People.__dict__)
{'__module__': '__main__', '__init__': , 'people_info': , '__dict__': , '__weakref__': , '__doc__': None}
补充示例:
class Foo:
def run(self):
while True:
cmd=input('cmd>>: ').strip()
if hasattr(self,cmd):
func=getattr(self,cmd)
func()
def download(self):
print('download....')
def upload(self):
print('upload...')
# obj=Foo()
# obj.run()
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的详解Python3 中hasattr()、getattr()、setattr()、delattr()函数,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对脚本之家网站的支持!