如果要将网页的内容获取到变量中,只需read对...的反应urllib.request.urlopen:import urllib.request
...
url = 'http://example.com/'
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
data = response.read() # a `bytes` object
text = data.decode('utf-8') # a `str`; this step can't be used if data is binaryimport urllib.request
...
# Download the file from `url` and save it locally under `file_name`:
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, file_name)import urllib.request
...
# Download the file from `url`, save it in a temporary directory and get the
# path to it (e.g. '/tmp/tmpb48zma.txt') in the `file_name` variable:
file_name, headers = urllib.request.urlretrieve(url)import urllib.request
import shutil
...
# Download the file from `url` and save it locally under `file_name`:
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response, open(file_name, 'wb') as out_file:
shutil.copyfileobj(response, out_file)
如果这看起来太复杂了,可能希望简化,并将整个下载存储在bytes对象,然后将其写入文件。但这只对小文件有效。import urllib.request
...
# Download the file from `url` and save it locally under `file_name`:
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response, open(file_name, 'wb') as out_file:
data = response.read() # a `bytes` object
out_file.write(data)
可以提取.gz(可能还有其他格式)动态压缩数据import urllib.request
import gzip
...
# Read the first 64 bytes of the file inside the .gz archive located at `url`
url = 'http://example.com/something.gz'
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response:
with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=response) as uncompressed:
file_header = uncompressed.read(64) # a `bytes` object
# Or do anything shown above using `uncompressed` instead of `response`.