python tkinter库、添加gui界面_使用python的Tkinter库创建GUI

GUI：Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面

实现代码：

from numpy import *

from tkinter import *

import regressionTrees

import matplotlib

matplotlib.use("TkAgg") # 设定后端为TkAgg

from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg

from matplotlib.figure import Figure

def reDraw(tolS, tolN):

reDraw.f.clf() # 清空之前的图像

reDraw.a = reDraw.f.add_subplot(111) # 重新添加子图

if chkBtnVar.get(): # 检查复选框是否选中，确定是模型树还是回归树

if tolN < 2:

tolN = 2

myTree = regressionTrees.createTree(reDraw.rawDat, regressionTrees.modelLeaf, regressionTrees.modelErr, (tolS, tolN))

yHat = regressionTrees.createForeCast(myTree, reDraw.testDat, regressionTrees.modelTreeEval)

else: #回归树

myTree = regressionTrees.createTree(reDraw.rawDat, ops=(tolS, tolN))

yHat = regressionTrees.createForeCast(myTree, reDraw.testDat)

reDraw.a.scatter(array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]),array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 1]), s=5) # 画真实值的散点图

reDraw.a.plot(reDraw.testDat, yHat, linewidth=2.0) # 画预测值的直线图

reDraw.canvas.draw()

def getInputs(): # 获取用户输入的值，tolN期望得到整数值，tolS期望得到浮点数，

try:

tolN = int(tolNentry.get()) # 在Entry部件调用get方法，

except:

tolN = 10

print("输入int型数值作为tolN")

tolNentry.delete(0, END)

tolNentry.insert(0, "10")

try:

tolS = float(tolSentry.get())

except:

tolS = 1.0

print("输入浮点型数值作为tolS")

tolSentry.delete(0, END)

tolSentry.insert(0, "1.0")

return tolN, tolS

def drawNewTree(): # 有人点击ReDraw按钮时就会调用该函数

tolN, tolS = getInputs() # 得到输入框的值

reDraw(tolS, tolN)

root = Tk()

# Label(root, text="绘制占位符").grid(row=0, columnspan=3) # 设置文本，第0行，距0的行值为3,

reDraw.f = Figure(figsize=(5,4),dpi=100)

reDraw.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(reDraw.f, master=root)

reDraw.canvas.draw()

reDraw.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, columnspan=3)

Label(root, text="tolN").grid(row=1, column=0)

tolNentry = Entry(root) # Entry为允许单行文本输入的文本框，设置文本框，再定位置第1行第1列，再插入数值

tolNentry.grid(row=1, column=1)

tolNentry.insert(0, "10")

Label(root, text="tolS").grid(row=2, column=0)

tolSentry = Entry(root)

tolSentry.grid(row=2, column=1)

tolSentry.insert(0, "1.0")

Button(root, text="重画", command=drawNewTree).grid(row=1, column=2, rowspan=3) # Botton按钮，设置第1行第2列，列值为3

chkBtnVar = IntVar() # IntVar为按钮整数值小部件

chkBtn = Checkbutton(root, text="模型树", variable=chkBtnVar)

chkBtn.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)

reDraw.rawDat = mat(regressionTrees.loadDataSet("sine.txt"))

reDraw.testDat = arange(min(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]), max(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]), 0.01)

reDraw(1.0, 10)

root.mainloop()

书上源代码有以下错误：

AttributeError: 'FigureCanvasTkAgg' object has no attribute 'show'

解决方法：

将show()改为draw()即可。

ValueError: Masked arrays must be 1-D

解决方法：将矩阵改成数组。

将：

reDraw.a.scatter(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0],reDraw.rawDat[:, 1], s=5)

改为：

reDraw.a.scatter(array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 0]),array(reDraw.rawDat[:, 1]), s=5)

运行结果为：

勾选“模型树”，重画图形：

改变tolN和tolS的值，可以得到不同的回归树和模型树。