python tricks_python tricks

1.

cities = ['Marseille', 'Amsterdam', 'New York', 'Londom']#the good way

for i, city inenumerate(cities):print(i, city)

2.

x_list = [1, 2, 3]

y_list= [2, 4, 6]#the good way

for x, y inzip(x_list, y_list):print (x, y)

3.

x = 10y= -10

#the good way

x, y =y, xprint ('After: x = %d, y = %d' % (x, y))

4.

ages ={'Mary' : 31,'Honathan' : 28}#the good way

age = ages.get('Dick', 'Unknow')print ('Dick is %s years old' % age)

5.

needle = 'd'haystack= ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']#the good way

for letter inhaystack:if needle ==letter:print ('Found!')break

else:print ('Not found!')

6.

#the good way

with open('pimpin-aint-easy.txt') as f:for line inf:print (line)

7.

print ('Converting!')try:print (int('1'))except:print ('Conversion failed!')else:print ('Conversion uccessful!')finally:print ('Done!')

8.

普通的方法，第一个参数需要是self，它表示一个具体的实例本身。

如果用了staticmethod，那么就可以无视这个self，而将这个方法当成一个普通的函数使用。

而对于classmethod，它的第一个参数不是self，是cls，它表示这个类本身。>>> classA(object):deffoo1(self):print "Hello",self

@staticmethoddeffoo2():print "hello"@classmethoddeffoo3(cls):print "hello",cls

9.Goal: Check if my version is the latest

lastest_python = 3my_python= 2msg= 'Update available' if lastest_python > my_python else 'Up to daye'

print('Update check: {}'.format(msg))

latest_python= [3, 5, 2]

my_python= [3, 5, 1]

msg= 'Update available' if latest_python > my_python else 'Up to date'

print('Update check: {}'.format(msg)

用法：

它通过{}和:来代替传统%方式

1、使用位置参数

要点：从以下例子可以看出位置参数不受顺序约束，且可以为{},只要format里有相对应的参数值即可,参数索引从0开，传入位置参数列表可用*列表

>>> li = ['hoho',18]

>>> 'my name is {} ,age {}'.format('hoho',18)

'my name is hoho ,age 18'

>>> 'my name is {1} ,age {0}'.format(10,'hoho')

'my name is hoho ,age 10'

>>> 'my name is {1} ,age {0} {1}'.format(10,'hoho')

'my name is hoho ,age 10 hoho'

>>> 'my name is {} ,age {}'.format(*li)

'my name is hoho ,age 18'

2、使用关键字参数

要点：关键字参数值要对得上，可用字典当关键字参数传入值，字典前加**即可

>>> hash = {'name':'hoho','age':18}

>>> 'my name is {name},age is {age}'.format(name='hoho',age=19)

'my name is hoho,age is 19'

>>> 'my name is {name},age is {age}'.format(**hash)

'my name is hoho,age is 18'

3、填充与格式化

:[填充字符][对齐方式 ][宽度]

>>> '{0:*>10}'.format(10) ##右对齐

'********10'

>>> '{0:*<10}'.format(10) ##左对齐

'10********'

>>> '{0:*^10}'.format(10) ##居中对齐

'****10****'

4、精度与进制

>>> '{0:.2f}'.format(1/3)

'0.33'

>>> '{0:b}'.format(10) #二进制

'1010'

>>> '{0:o}'.format(10) #八进制

'12'

>>> '{0:x}'.format(10) #16进制

'a'

>>> '{:,}'.format(12369132698) #千分位格式化

'12,369,132,698'

5、使用索引

>>> li

['hoho', 18]

>>> 'name is {0[0]} age is {0[1]}'.format(li)

'name is hoho age is 18

11.  Goal: Check if my version is the latest

#Ordered by population

cities = ['Groningen', 'Marseille', 'Paries', 'Buenos Aires', 'Mumbai']

smallest,*rest, largest =citiesprint('smallest: {}'.format(smallest))print('largest: {}'.format(largest))

12.  未知数量参数

def draw_curve(*curves):

fig, axes= plt.subplots(nrows=1, figsize=(10, 8))for curve_i, curve_name inenumerate(curves):

。。。