oracle data pump图解,Oracle 10g Data Pump Expdp/Impdp使用详解

Data Pump Components

Oracle Data Pump is made up of three distinct parts:

(1)The command-line clients, expdp and impdp

(2)The DBMS_DATAPUMP PL/SQL package (also known as the Data Pump API)

(3)The DBMS_METADATA PL/SQL package (also known as the Metadata API)

The Data Pump clients, expdp and impdp, invoke the Data Pump Export utility and Data Pump Import utility, respectively. They provide a user interface that closely resembles the original export (exp) and import (imp) utilities.

The expdp and impdp clients use the procedures provided in the DBMS_DATAPUMP PL/SQL package to execute export and import commands, using the parameters entered at the command-line. These parameters enable the exporting and importing of data and metadata for a complete database or subsets of a database.

Note:

All Data Pump Export and Import processing, including the reading and writing of dump files, is done on the system (server) selected by the specified database connect string. This means that, for nonprivileged users, the database administrator (DBA) must create directory objects for the Data Pump files that are read and written on that server file system. For privileged users, a default directory object is available. See Default Locations for Dump, Log, and SQL Files for more information about directory objects.

When data is moved, Data Pump automatically uses either direct path load (or unload) or the external tables mechanism, or a combination of both. When metadata is moved, Data Pump uses functionality provided by the DBMS_METADATA PL/SQL package. The DBMS_METADATA package provides a centralized facility for the extraction, manipulation, and resubmission of dictionary metadata.

The DBMS_DATAPUMP and DBMS_METADATA PL/SQL packages can be used independently of the Data Pump clients.

See Also:

Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference for descriptions of the DBMS_DATAPUMP and DBMS_METADATA packages

What New Features Do Data Pump Export and Import Provide?

The new Data Pump Export and Import utilities (invoked with the expdp and impdp commands, respectively) have a similar look and feel to the original Export (exp) and Import (imp) utilities, but they are completely separate. Dump files generated by the new Data Pump Export utility are not compatible with dump files generated by the original Export utility. Therefore, files generated by the original Export (exp) utility cannot be imported with the Data Pump Import (impdp) utility.

Oracle recommends that you use the new Data Pump Export and Import utilities because they support all Oracle Database 10g features, except for XML schemas and XML schema-based tables. Original Export and Import support the full set of Oracle database release 9.2 features. Also, the design of Data Pump Export and Import results in greatly enhanced data movement performance over the original Export and Import utilities.

Note:

See Chapter 19, "Original Export and Import" for information about situations in which you should still use the original Export and Import utilities.

The following are the major new features that provide this increased performance, as well as enhanced ease of use:

(1)The ability to specify the maximum number of threads of active execution operating on behalf of the Data Pump job. This enables you to adjust resource consumption versus elapsed time. See PARALLEL for information about using this parameter in export. See PARALLEL for information about using this parameter in import. (This feature is available only in the Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database 10g.)

(2)The ability to restart Data Pump jobs. See START_JOB for information about restarting export jobs. See START_JOB for information about restarting import jobs.

(3)The ability to detach from and reattach to long-running jobs without affecting the job itself. This allows DBAs and other operations personnel to monitor jobs from multiple locations. The Data Pump Export and Import utilities can be attached to only one job at a time; however, you can have multiple clients or jobs running at one time. (If you are using the Data Pump API, the restriction on attaching to only one job at a time does not apply.) You can also have multiple clients attached to the same job. See ATTACH for information about using this parameter in export. See ATTACH for information about using this parameter in import.

(4)Support for export and import operations over the network, in which the source of each operation is a remote instance. See NETWORK_LINK for information about using this parameter in export. See NETWORK_LINK for information about using this parameter in import.

(5)The ability, in an import job, to change the name of the source datafile to a different name in all DDL statements where the source datafile is referenced. See REMAP_DATAFILE.

(6)Enhanced support for remapping tablespaces during an import operation. See REMAP_TABLESPACE.

(7)Support for filtering the metadata that is exported and imported, based upon objects and object types. For information about filtering metadata during an export operation, see INCLUDE and EXCLUDE. For information about filtering metadata during an import operation, see INCLUDE and EXCLUDE.

(8)Support for an interactive-command mode that allows monitoring of and interaction with ongoing jobs. See Commands Available in Export's Interactive-Command Mode and Commands Available in Import's Interactive-Command Mode.

(9)The ability to estimate how much space an export job would consume, without actually performing the export. See ESTIMATE_ONLY.

(10)The ability to specify the version of database objects to be moved. In export jobs, VERSION applies to the version of the database objects to be exported. See VERSION for more information about using this parameter in export.

In import jobs, VERSION applies only to operations over the network. This means that VERSION applies to the version of database objects to be extracted from the source database. See VERSION for more information about using this parameter in import.

For additional information about using different versions, see Moving Data Between Different Database Versions.

(11)Most Data Pump export and import operations occur on the Oracle database server. (This contrasts with original export and import, which were primarily client-based.) See Default Locations for Dump, Log, and SQL Files for information about some of the implications of server-based operations.

The remainder of this chapter discusses Data Pump technology as it is implemented in the Data Pump Export and Import utilities. To make full use of Data Pump technology, you must be a privileged user. Privileged users have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE and IMP_FULL_DATABASE roles. Nonprivileged users have neither.

Privileged users can do the following:

(1)Export and import database objects owned by others

(2)Export and import nonschema-based objects such as tablespace and schema definitions, system privilege grants, resource plans, and so forth

(3)Attach to, monitor, and control Data Pump jobs initiated by others

(4)Perform remapping operations on database datafiles

(5)Perform remapping operations on schemas other than their own

2. Oracle 11gR2 中文档：

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e16508/cncptdba.htm#CNCPT1277

Oracle Data Pump Export and Import

Oracle Data Pump enables high-speed movement of data and metadata from one database to another. This technology is the basis for the following Oracle Database data movement utilities:

(1)Data Pump Export (Export)

Export is a utility for unloading data and metadata into a set of operating system files called a dump file set. The dump file set is made up of one or more binary files that contain table data, database object metadata, and control information.