python中如何定义float_如何在Python中为自定义类重载`float（）`？

Summary

How can I overload the built-in float for my class so when I call float() on an instance of it, my custom function gets called instead of the default built-in?

My Class

Hi, I was coding my own Fractions class (for arbitrarily-high floating-point operation precision). It goes like this (I haven't yet finished it):

class Fractions:

"""My custom Fractions class giving arbitarilly high precision w/ floating-point arithmetic."""

def __init__(self, num = 0, denom = 1):

"""Fractions(num = 0, denom = 1) -> Fractions object

Class implementing rational numbers. In the two-argument form of the constructor, Fraction(8, 6) will produce a rational number equivalent to 4/3.

Both arguments must be rational, i.e, ints, floats etc. .The numerator defaults to 0 and the denominator defaults to 1 so that Fraction(3) == 3 and Fraction() == 0.

Fractions can also be constructed from:

- numeric strings that are valid float constructors (for example, '-2.3' or '1e10')

- strings of the form '123/456'"""

if '/' in str(num):

self.num, self.denom = map(float, num.split('/')) #'x/y'

else:

self.num, self.denom = float(num), float(denom) #(num, denom)

self.normalize()

def __repr__(self):

print self.num + '/' + self.denom

def __invert__(self):

self.num, self.denom = self.denom, self.num

def normalize(self):

num, denom = self.num, self.denom

#Converting `num` and `denom` to ints if they're not already

if not float(num).is_integer():

decimals = len(str(float(num) - int(num))) - 1

num, denom = num*decimals, denom*decimals

if float(denom).is_integer():

decimals = len(str(float(denom) - int(denom))) - 1

num, denom = num*decimals, denom*decimals

#Negatives

if denom < 0:

if num < 0:

num, denom = +num, +denom

else:

num, denom *= -1

#Reducing to the simplest form

from MyModules import GCD

GCD_ = GCD(num, denom)

if GCD_:

self.num, self.denom /= GCD_

#Assigning `num` and `denom`

self.num, self.denom = num, denom

The Question

Now, I want to implement a method that overloads float(), i.e., it is called when an instance of my class is passed to float(). How do I do that? At first I thought:

def float(self):

return self.num/self.denom

But that didn't work. Neither did a Google Search or the Python Docs help. Is it even possible to implement it?

解决方案

Define the __float__() special method on your class.

class MyClass(object):

def __float__(self):

return 0.0

float(MyClass()) # 0.0

Note that this method must return a float! The calculation self.num / self.denom, returns an int by default in versions of Python prior to 3.0 assuming both operands are integers. In this case you'd just make sure one of the operands is a float: float(self.num) / self.denom for example.