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poetry 是一个包管理和打包的工具。

在 Python 中，对于初学者来说，打包系统和依赖管理是非常复杂和难懂的。即使对于经验丰富的开发者，一个项目总是要同时创建多个文件： `setup.py` ,`requirements.txt`,`setup.cfg` , `MANIFEST.in` ，还有最新的 `Pipfile`。

基于此， poetry 将所有的配置都放置在一个 toml 文件中，这些配置包括：依赖管理、构建、打包、发布。

poetry 的灵感来自于其他语言的一些工具： composer(PHP) 和 cargo (Rust) 。

配置

poetry 的项目配置文件是 pyproject.toml ，一个简单的示例文件如下：

[tool.poetry]

name = "poetry"

version = "0.11.5"

description = "Python dependency management and packaging made easy."

authors = [

"Sébastien Eustace "

]

license = "MIT"

readme = "README.md"

homepage = "https://poetry.eustace.io/"

repository = "https://github.com/sdispater/poet"

documentation = "https://poetry.eustace.io/docs"

keywords = ["packaging", "dependency", "poetry"]

classifiers = [

"Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools",

"Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"

]

# Requirements

[tool.poetry.dependencies]

python = "~2.7 || ^3.4"

cleo = "^0.6.7"

requests = "^2.18"

cachy = "^0.2"

requests-toolbelt = "^0.8.0"

jsonschema = "^2.6"

pyrsistent = "^0.14.2"

pyparsing = "^2.2"

cachecontrol = { version = "^0.12.4", extras = ["filecache"] }

pkginfo = "^1.4"

html5lib = "^1.0"

shellingham = "^1.1"

tomlkit = "^0.4.4"

# The typing module is not in the stdlib in Python 2.7 and 3.4

typing = { version = "^3.6", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }

# Use pathlib2 for Python 2.7 and 3.4

pathlib2 = { version = "^2.3", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }

# Use virtualenv for Python 2.7 since venv does not exist

virtualenv = { version = "^16.0", python = "~2.7" }

[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]

pytest = "^3.4"

pytest-cov = "^2.5"

mkdocs = "^1.0"

pymdown-extensions = "^4.9"

pygments = "^2.2"

pytest-mock = "^1.9"

pygments-github-lexers = "^0.0.5"

black = { version = "^18.3-alpha.0", python = "^3.6" }

pre-commit = "^1.10"

tox = "^3.0"

[tool.poetry.scripts]

poetry = "poetry.console:main"

命令

poetry 提供了一系列覆盖整个开发流程的命令，这些命令使用简单：

poetry 命令

名称

功能

new

创建一个项目脚手架，包含基本结构、pyproject.toml 文件

init

基于已有的项目代码创建 pyproject.toml 文件，支持交互式填写

install

安装依赖库

update

更新依赖库

add

添加依赖库

remove

移除依赖库

show

查看具体依赖库信息，支持显示树形依赖链

build

构建 tar.gz 或 wheel 包

publish

发布到 PyPI

run

运行脚本和代码