python正则匹配数字_正则匹配一个数字(python实现)

问题描述

给定一组字符串，判断该字符串是否为一个合法的数字，要求如下基本整数数字是 0-9 的组合

整数不可有前导 0 (如: 012 就不合法)

小数包含(x.y, .y, x.)三种形式，此时 x 和 y 符合第 1 条且可以有前导 0

无论整数或小数都可以选择在最前方加入+-之一或者不加，以表达该数字的正负

数字支持”x^y”的形式以表达 x 的 y 次方的意义，^不能作为一个数字的开头或结尾，同时 x 和 y 均为符合前 4 条条件的数字

数字支持”xey”的形式以表达 x 乘以 10 的 y 次方的意义，e 不能作为一个数字的开头或结尾，同时 x 符合前 4 条条件，y 符合条件 1 和 4(即：允许前导 0 的整数)

测试样例“+1.23” is True

“-1.23” is True

“1.23” is True

“.23” is True

“1.” is True

“0.” is True

“+123” is True

“-123” is True

“123” is True

-

“1.23e+123” is True

“1.23e-123” is True

“1.23e123” is True

“1.23e0123” is True

-

“1.23^+123” is True

“1.23^-123” is True

“1.23^123” is True

-

“1.23^+1.23” is True

“1.23^-1.23” is True

“1.23^1.23” is True

“1.23^.23” is True

“1.^1.” is True

“1.^0.” is True

-

“” is False

“a.” is False

“.” is False

-

“-1.2.3” is False

“-1.-2” is False

“0123” is False

-

“1.23e1.2” is False

“1.23e” is False

“1.23e1e2” is False

“1.23e1^2” is False

-

“1.23^1.2.3” is False

“1.23^” is False

“1.23^0123” is False

“1.23^1^2” is False

“1.23^1e2” is False

思路

最开始的思路是先确定数字中是否包含 e 或者^符号，如果有，用其将数字切开，分别对前后进行判断，后来整理清楚要求后，发现可以用正则来进行匹配，正则的整体方案也基本等价于一开始的思路对于小数使用\d*.\d+ 来匹配 x.y .y 的形式， \d+. 来匹配 x.的形式

对于整数使用[1-9]\d*来匹配无前导 0 的形式，\d+ 来匹配有前导 0 的形式

对以上的几种形式再与- + e ^ 等符号进行按要求的连接即可形成完整的正则

代码如下：1

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68import re

def numberCheck(numberStr):

numberRegex = re.compile("[-+]?("

"(\d*\.\d+)|" # match x.y .y format

"(\d+\.)|" # match x. format

"([1-9]\d*)" # match Integer format(without lead zero)

")" # a simple number (both Integer and Double)

"("

"(e[+-]?\d+)" # if "e" in number, we need a Integer(can lead with zero) below

"|"

"(\^[+-]?((\d*\.\d+)|(\d+\.)|([1-9]\d*)))" # if "^" in number, we need a simple number below

")?"

)

return numberRegex.fullmatch(numberStr) is not None

def testNumberCheck():

assert numberCheck("+1.23") is True

assert numberCheck("-1.23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23") is True

assert numberCheck(".23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.") is True

assert numberCheck("0.") is True

assert numberCheck("+123") is True

assert numberCheck("-123") is True

assert numberCheck("123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23e+123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23e-123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23e123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23e0123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^+123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^-123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^123") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^+1.23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^-1.23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^1.23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.23^.23") is True

assert numberCheck("1.^1.") is True

assert numberCheck("1.^0.") is True

assert numberCheck("") is False

assert numberCheck("a.") is False

assert numberCheck(".") is False

assert numberCheck("-1.2.3") is False

assert numberCheck("-1.-2") is False

assert numberCheck("0123") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23e1.2") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23e") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23e1e2") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23e1^2") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23^1.2.3") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23^") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23^0123") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23^1^2") is False

assert numberCheck("1.23^1e2") is False

if __name__ == '__main__':

testNumberCheck()