继承
单继承:
#类定义
class people:
#定义基本属性
name = ''
age = 0
#定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
__weight = 0
#定义构造方法
def __init__(self,n,a,w):
self.name = n
self.age = a
self.__weight = w
def speak(self):
print("%s 说: 我 %d 岁。" %(self.name,self.age))
#单继承示例
class student(people):
grade = ''
def __init__(self,n,a,w,g):
#调用父类的构函
people.__init__(self,n,a,w)
self.grade = g
#覆写父类的方法
def speak(self):
print("%s 说: 我 %d 岁了,我在读 %d 年级"%(self.name,self.age,self.grade))
s = student('ken',10,60,3)
s.speak()
实现结果
ken 说: 我 10 岁了,我在读 3 年级
多继承:(虽然是可以的,但是不建议这么做,只需要了解继承时的顺序是由左至右的即可)
#类定义
class people:
#定义基本属性
name = ''
age = 0
#定义私有属性,私有属性在类外部无法直接进行访问
__weight = 0
#定义构造方法
def __init__(self,n,a,w):
self.name = n
self.age = a
self.__weight = w
def speak(self):
print("%s 说: 我 %d 岁。" %(self.name,self.age))
#单继承示例
class student(people):
grade = ''
def __init__(self,n,a,w,g):
#调用父类的构函
people.__init__(self,n,a,w)
self.grade = g
#覆写父类的方法
def speak(self):
print("%s 说: 我 %d 岁了,我在读 %d 年级"%(self.name,self.age,self.grade))
#另一个类,多重继承之前的准备
class speaker():
topic = ''
name = ''
def __init__(self,n,t):
self.name = n
self.topic = t
def speak(self):
print("我叫 %s,我是一个演说家,我演讲的主题是 %s"%(self.name,self.topic))
#多重继承
class sample(speaker,student):
a =''
def __init__(self,n,a,w,g,t):
student.__init__(self,n,a,w,g)
speaker.__init__(self,n,t)
test = sample("Tim",25,80,4,"Python")
test.speak() #方法名同,默认调用的是在括号中排前地父类的方法
封装:
class Student(object):
def __init__(self, name, score):
self.name = name
self.score = score
May = Student("May",90) # 须要提供两个属性
Peter = Student("Peter",85)
print(May.name, May.score)
print(Peter.name, Peter.score)
def print_score(Student): # 外部函数
print_score(Student)
# print("%s's score is: %d" %(Student.name,Student.score))
# 普通 print 写法
print("{0}'s score is: {1}".format(Student.name,Student.score))
print_score(May)
print_score(Peter)
多态:
class Animal(object):
def __init__(self, name): # Constructor of the class
self.name = name
def talk(self):
raise NotImplementedError("Subclass must implement abstract method")
class Cat(Animal):
def talk(self):
print('%s: 喵喵喵!' %self.name)
class Dog(Animal):
def talk(self):
print('%s: 汪!汪!汪!' %self.name)
def func(obj): #一个接口,多种形态
obj.talk()
c1 = Cat('毛毛')
d1 = Dog('灰灰')
func(c1)
func(d1)