python ftp判断文件是否存在_Python获取FTP目录下所有内容并判断是文件还是文件夹...

在python的标准库ftplib中，FTP类提供了一个dir()函数，可以检索出当前路径下文件列表和这些文件有关的信息并打印出来，但是这个函数并没有返回值，只有打印的功能

FTP类还提供另一个nlst()函数，与dir()函数类似，可以检索出文件名列表并为每一行调用一个回调函数，默认回调函数会将该行打印到sys.stdout，但是这些列表并不包括目录，也没有完整的详细信息

想要获取FTP目录下所有内容并返回，想了半天，还是决定从源码下手

dir()源码：

def dir(self, *args):

'''List a directory in long form.

By default list current directory to stdout.

Optional last argument is callback function; all

non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the

LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''

cmd = 'LIST'

func = None

if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''):

args, func = args[:-1], args[-1]

for arg in args:

if arg:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

self.retrlines(cmd, func)

nlst()源码：

def nlst(self, *args):

'''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''

cmd = 'NLST'

for arg in args:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

files = []

self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)

return files

不难发现dir()和nlst()都是建立在retrlines()函数的基础之上的

retrlines()源码：

def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):

"""Retrieve data in line mode. A new port is created for you.

Args:

cmd: A RETR, LIST, or NLST command.

callback: An optional single parameter callable that is called

for each line with the trailing CRLF stripped.

[default: print_line()]

Returns:

The response code.

"""

if callback is None:

callback = print_line

resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')

with self.transfercmd(cmd) as conn, \

conn.makefile('r', encoding=self.encoding) as fp:

while 1:

line = fp.readline(self.maxline + 1)

if len(line) > self.maxline:

raise Error("got more than %d bytes" % self.maxline)

if self.debugging > 2:

print('*retr*', repr(line))

if not line:

break

if line[-2:] == CRLF:

line = line[:-2]

elif line[-1:] == '\n':

line = line[:-1]

callback(line)

# shutdown ssl layer

if _SSLSocket is not None and isinstance(conn, _SSLSocket):

conn.unwrap()

return self.voidresp()

官方对retrlines()函数的解释：

FTP.retrlines(cmd, callback=None)

Retrieve a file or directory listing in ASCII transfer mode. cmd should be an appropriate RETR command (see retrbinary()) or a command such as LIST or NLST (usually just the string 'LIST'). LIST retrieves a list of files and information about those files. NLST retrieves a list of file names. The callback function is called for each line with a string argument containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default callback prints the line to sys.stdout.

所以博主决定套用nlst()函数来进行修改，内容搞定，该如何判断是文件夹还是文件呢，这时博主发现一篇文章

这篇文章提出了一个思路：用ftplib库提供的cwd()函数向目录下所有内容发出进入目录的请求，用try方法抓取错误信息并进行判断，从而达到判断文件还是文件夹的目的

上代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# coding: utf-8

from ftplib import FTP

# ftp主机

host = ''

# 用户名与密码

user = ''

passwd = ''

# ftp登录

class MyFTP(FTP):

# 指定FTP的编码

encoding = 'GBK'

def ftp_login(self):

"""登录"""

try:

self.connect(host=host)

self.login(user=user,passwd=passwd)

except:

print('登录失败，请检查')

# 停止程序

exit()

else:

print('登录成功')

def content(self,*args):

"""返回所有内容的详细信息的list"""

cmd = 'LIST'

for arg in args:

cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)

files = []

self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)

return files

def file_dirs(self):

"""返回内容的文件名"""

files = []

file_names = self.content()

# print(file_names)

# 循环详细信息，取出文件名

for file_name in file_names:

file_name = file_name.split(' ')[-1]

if file_name != '.' and file_name != '..':

files.append(file_name)

return files

def test():

# 实例化

ftp = MyFTP()

# 登录

ftp.ftp_login()

file_name = ftp.file_dirs()

# print(file_name)

for name in file_name:

try:

ftp.cwd(name)

print(name+'是文件夹')

except:

print(name+'不是文件夹')

else:

# 打开路径没问题，类型是文件夹，返回上一级

ftp.cwd('..')

if __name__ == "__main__":

test()