oracle 数据库怎么启动,Oracle数据库：启动操作

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1、切换到oracle用户，登陆到数据库

[root@localhost Desktop]# su - oracle # 切换到oracle用户

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba # 以dba身份登录到数据库

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jun 22 19:51:58 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance. # 这里表明，数据库还未启动，需要启动数据库

2、启动数据库

SYS> startup # 启动数据库

ORACLE instance started. # 实例启动

Total System Global Area 795127808 bytes # 分配内存等操作

Fixed Size 1339456 bytes

Variable Size 503320512 bytes

Database Buffers 285212672 bytes

Redo Buffers 5255168 bytes

Database mounted. # 数据库挂载

Database opened. # 数据库打开

3、打开数据库，有哪些命令，如何操作呢！下面就是命令索引

SYS> help index # 显示所有相关命令

Enter Help [topic] for help.

@ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN

@@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL

/ DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS

ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START

APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP

ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE

ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING

BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE

BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE

CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE

CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR

COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR

COMPUTE LIST SET XQUERY

CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW

SYS> help shutdown # 这里以shutdown为列，查看命令帮助

SHUTDOWN

--------

Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally

closing and dismounting a database.

SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

4、查看相关用户是否被锁，以及如何解锁

SYS> desc dba_users; # 所有账户信息存在这张表中，可用desc查看表结构

SYS> select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users; # 查看用户名和状态......

SYS> alter user SCOTT identified by tiger account unlock; # 解锁用户，设置密码

User altered.

5、测试用户是否可用

SYS> conn scott/tiger # 用conn来切换用户

Connected.

SCOTT> show user; # 现在当前是哪个用户

USER is "SCOTT"

6、查看当前用户下，有哪些表

SCOTT> select * from tab; # 存在tab表中

7、重复执行上一条命令，用run 或 /

SCOTT> run

8、将命令报错到一个文件，默认只能保存1条

SCOTT> save 2.sql # 用save命令保存

Created file 2.sql

SCOTT> @2.sql # 调用文件用 @

9、显然只保存1条命令无法满足需求，下面是多条：spool

SCOTT> spool 3.txt # 打开，并保存到指定文件

SCOTT> select * from tab; # 执行几条查询语句

SCOTT> select * from emp;

SCOTT> spool off # 关闭spool

10、查看文件，并查看内容

SCOTT> host ls # 调用系统命令：用host，默认保存文件，都存放在当前目录

1.sql 2.sql 3.txt afiedt.buf db.rsp

SCOTT> host cat 2.sql # 查看内容

11、断开连接，用disc

SCOTT> disc

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing option

12、关闭数据库：shutdown

> conn / as sysdba # 以dba用户身份登录

Connected.

SYS> shutdown immediate; # 立即关闭数据库，没有commit的回滚

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

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