centos7 没有pip命令_CentOS7.3中无法直接通过pip3命令安装程序以及ipython3无法正常使用解决办法...

一、问题现象

1、通过pip -V查看版本

[root@localhost bin]# pip -V

显示如下：

pip 20.2b1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-20.2b1-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

[root@localhost bin]# pip3 -V

显示如下：

bash: /usr/bin/pip3: /usr/bin/python3: 坏的解释器: 没有那个文件或目录

在python3的安装目录/usr/local/python3/bin下用./pip3 -V命令查看版本:

[root@localhost bin]# ./pip3 -V

显示如下：

pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

无法直接通过pip3 -V查看其版本，属于软链接的问题，解决过程如下：

[root@localhost bin]# pip3 -V

bash: /usr/bin/pip3: /usr/bin/python3: 坏的解释器: 没有那个文件或目录

[root@localhost bin]# pip -V

pip 20.2b1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-20.2b1-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3ln: 无法创建符号链接"/usr/bin/pip3": 文件已存在

[root@localhost bin]# rm /usr/bin/pip3

rm：是否删除普通文件 "/usr/bin/pip3"？y

[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

[root@localhost bin]# pip3 -V

pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

2、通过ipython -V查看版本

[root@localhost bin]# ipython -V

3.2.1

在python3的安装目录/usr/local/python3/bin下用./ipython -V和./ipython3 -V查看，均返回如下异常：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "./ipython3", line 5, in from IPython import start_ipython ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'IPython'

二、尝试解决

在/usr/local/python3/bin目录重新使用./pip3 install ipython安装：

[root@localhost bin]# ./pip3 install ipython

Requirement already satisfied: ipython in usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (6.1.0)

于是，接着尝试在/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages目录下，通过vi ipython-6.1.0-py3.8.egg-info修改Version: 6.1.0为Version: 6.1.111，发现再使用./pip3 install ipython安装，提示变为…(6.1.111)，由此可见，ipython-6.1.0-py3.8.egg-info文件在修复该问题过程中起了阻碍作用。

通过mv命令重命名这个文件，重新执行./pip3 install ipython后，通过./ipython3命令可以进入ipython3。

重新安装ipython及验证安装过程如下：

[root@localhost bin]# ./pip3 install ipythonCollecting ipython

Using cached ipython-7.16.1-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)

Collecting jedi>=0.10

Using cached jedi-0.17.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4 MB)

Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (2.6.1)

Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (3.0.5)

Collecting backcall

Using cached backcall-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)

Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.4.2)

Requirement already satisfied: pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.8.0)

Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (41.2.0)

Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (0.7.5)

Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.3.3)

Collecting parso<0.8.0,>=0.7.0

Using cached parso-0.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (100 kB)

Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython) (0.2.5)

Requirement already satisfied: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pexpect; sys_platform != "win32"->ipython) (0.6.0)

Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) (0.2.0)

Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) (1.15.0)

Installing collected packages: parso, jedi, backcall, ipython

Successfully installed backcall-0.2.0 ipython-7.16.1 jedi-0.17.2 parso-0.7.0

[root@localhost bin]# ./pip3 install ipython

Requirement already satisfied: ipython in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (7.16.1)

Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (2.6.1)

Requirement already satisfied: jedi>=0.10 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (0.17.2)

Requirement already satisfied: backcall in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (0.2.0)

Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (0.7.5)

Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.4.2)

Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (3.0.5)

Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.2 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.3.3)

Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (41.2.0)

Requirement already satisfied: pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from ipython) (4.8.0)

Requirement already satisfied: parso<0.8.0,>=0.7.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from jedi>=0.10->ipython) (0.7.0)

Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython) (0.2.5)

Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) (1.15.0)

Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) (0.2.0)

Requirement already satisfied: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pexpect; sys_platform != "win32"->ipython) (0.6.0)

[root@localhost bin]# ./ipython3

Python 3.8.3 (default, Jul 20 2020, 19:47:15)

Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information

IPython 7.16.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: a = input()

2+3

In [2]: a

Out[2]: '2+3'

[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/ipython3 /usr/bin/ipython3

[root@localhost bin]# ipython3

Python 3.8.3 (default, Jul 20 2020, 19:47:15)

Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information

IPython 7.16.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: num = input('Please input a number:')

Please input a number:100+200

In [2]: num

Out[2]: '100+200'

三、原因分析

疑似原因：多个python版本导致安装pip时出现版本混乱，以及使用pip install ipython命令安装时，版本选择也产生混乱。

待最终确认。

四、欢迎交流

路过清楚问题原因的小伙伴，烦请留下你的宝贵经验吧！