linux定时执行shell脚本exp,使用CRONTAB调用shell脚本执行EXP

通过SHELL脚本执行全库导出是很常见的。但是如果将这个SHELL脚本通过CRONTAB定时调用，则需要修改很多地方。这里简单记录一下。

由于对UNIX系统不是很熟悉。将一个已经可以运行的csh脚本，改成一个可以在CRONTAB中调用的bash脚本，花了我足足大半天的时间。又用了不少时间将整个CRONTAB环境从测试的LINUX环境移植到UNIX环境。

下面是根据Tom的expert one-on-one oracle上代码稍加修改后的初始版本：

#!/bin/csh -f

# Set this to the userid you want to perform the export as I always use OPS$ (os

# authenticated) accounts for all jobs that will be run in the background. In that

# way a password never appears in a script file or in the ps output.

setenv UID system/systempassword@bjdb01

# This is the name of the export file. SPLIT will use this to name the pieces of

# the compressed DMP file.

setenv FN bjdb01_full_`date +%y%m%d`.dmp

# This is the name of the named pipe we will use.

setenv PIPE /tmp/exp_tmp.dmp

# Here I limit the size of the compressed files to 500 MG each. Anything less

# than 2 GB would be fine.

# This is what we are going to export. By default I am doing a full database

# export.

setenv EXPORT_WHAT "full=y COMPRESS=n"

# This is where the export will go to.

cd /data/exp

# Clear out the last export.

#rm expbjdb01.log export.test exp.*.dmp* $PIPE

# Create the named pipe.

mknod $PIPE p

# Write the datetime to the log file.

date > expbjdb01.log

# Start a gzip process in the background. Gzip will read the pipe and put the

# compressed data out to split. Split will then create 500 MB files out of the

# input data adding .aa, .ab, .ac, .ad, ... file extensions to the template name

# found in $FN.

(gzip < $PIPE) > $FN.gz &

# Now, start up export. The Gzip above is waiting for export to start filling the

# pipe up.

exp userid=$UID buffer=204800000 file=$PIPE $EXPORT_WHAT >>& expbjdb01.log

date >> expbjdb01.log

# Now the export is done, this is how to IMP. We need to sort the filenames and

# then simply cat their contents into gunzip. We write that into the pipe. IMP

# will then read that pipe and write what it would do to stderr. The >>& in the

# csh redirects both stdout and stderr for us.

#date > export.test

#gunzip $FN.gz > $PIPE &

#imp userid=$UID file=$PIPE show=y full=y >>& export.test

#date >> export.test

# Clean up the pipe, we don't need it anymore.

rm -f $PIPE

这个是我修改以后可以被CRONTAB调用的脚本：

ORACLE_HOME=/u1/oracle/product/9.2.0;

export ORACLE_HOME;

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH;

export PATH;

NLS_LANG='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK';

export NLS_LANG;

USERID=system/systempassword@bjdb01;

export USERID;

FN=/data/exp/bjdb01_full_`date +%y%m%d`.dmp;

export FN;

PIPE=/tmp/exp_tmp.dmp;

export PIPE;

EXPORT_WHAT="full=y COMPRESS=n";

export EXPORT_WHAT;

cd /data/exp;

rm expbjdb01.log;

/usr/sbin/mknod $PIPE p;

date > expbjdb01.log;

(gzip < $PIPE) > $FN.gz &

exp userid=$USERID buffer=204800000 file=$PIPE $EXPORT_WHAT >> expbjdb01.log 2>> expbjdb01.log;

date >> expbjdb01.log;

rm -f $PIPE

~

主要注意两个地方：

通过CRONTAB调用和当前Oracle用户调用并不一样，通过CRONTAB调用不会包含当前用户中的各种环境变量的设置。因此必须开始的就设置好ORACLE_HOME等环境变量；

在每条命令后都加上分号，而这在非CRONTAB调用的脚本中是不需要的。