linux 如何查内存泄露,linux平台代码内存泄露检查

linux内存泄露检测

// file : demo.cpp

// description : show the memmory leak detection

int main()

{

int* a = new int[10]; // 1, new and not delete

a[10] = 1; // 2, array over range

}

cppcheck 静态检查

可以选择 vscode 安装 cppcheck 插件

zhanghl@zhanghl-Inspiron-7460:~/workspace/env/05_valgrind$ cppcheck demo.cpp

Checking demo.cpp...

[demo.cpp:41]: (error) Array 'a[10]' accessed at index 10, which is out of bounds.

[demo.cpp:45]: (error) Memory leak: a

ps. 不能检测太复杂的代码，检测如下 mtrace 的代码， mtrace 等系统调用会干扰检查结果

mtrace

需要在代码中添加mtrace()来检查堆的一致性，另外需要设置环境变量MALLOC_TRACE

#include // setenv

#include // strerror

#include

#include // errno

#include

#include

int main()

{

using std::string;

using std::cerr;

using std::endl;

const string mtraceFl( "mtrace_outfile" );

if( -1 == setenv( "MALLOC_TRACE", mtraceFl.c_str(), 1 ) )

cerr << "Error: set mtrace env( " << strerror( errno ) << " )" << endl;

mtrace();

int* a = new int[10];

a[10] = 1;

muntrace();

}

编译时加入调试选项-g和链接库-mcheck，调用完成调用mtrace分析输出的数据文件

zhanghl@zhanghl-Inspiron-7460:~/workspace/env/05_valgrind$ g++ -g -o demo demo.cpp -lmcheck

zhanghl@zhanghl-Inspiron-7460:~/workspace/env/05_valgrind$ ./demo

zhanghl@zhanghl-Inspiron-7460:~/workspace/env/05_valgrind$ mtrace mtrace_outfile

Memory not freed:

-----------------

Address Size Caller

0x0000000000698460 0x28 at 0x7fdd0281ce78

ps. 不能检测检查到内存非法访问

valgrind

可以检查出非法访问，但是mtrace同样会被认定为内存泄露

zhanghl@zhanghl-Inspiron-7460:~/workspace/env/05_valgrind$ valgrind ./demo

==22941== Memcheck, a memory error detector

==22941== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.

==22941== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info

==22941== Command: ./demo

==22941==

==22941== Invalid write of size 4 // 1, 内存非法访问，可以定位到代码

==22941== at 0x400F03: main (demo.cpp:38)

==22941== Address 0x5ab74a8 is 0 bytes after a block of size 40 alloc'd

==22941== at 0x4C2E80F: operator new[](unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)

==22941== by 0x400EF6: main (demo.cpp:25)

==22941==

==22941==

==22941== HEAP SUMMARY:

==22941== in use at exit: 73,256 bytes in 3 blocks

==22941== total heap usage: 7 allocs, 4 frees, 74,452 bytes allocated

==22941==

==22941== LEAK SUMMARY:

==22941== definitely lost: 552 bytes in 2 blocks // 2块内存泄露，其中一块是 mtrace() 引入的

==22941== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==22941== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==22941== still reachable: 72,704 bytes in 1 blocks // 3, still rechable 没有关系

==22941== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

==22941== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory

==22941==

==22941== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v

==22941== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

查看详细信息，--leak-check=full -v

...

==23742== 40 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 3

==23742== at 0x4C2E80F: operator new[](unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)

==23742== by 0x400EF6: main (demo.cpp:25)

==23742==

==23742== 512 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 2 of 3

==23742== at 0x4C2DB8F: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)

==23742== by 0x545AF57: mtrace (mtrace.c:296)

==23742== by 0x400EEC: main (demo.cpp:23)

...