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2. :
3. : lclc
4.
1.
2. tcp
iptcp
tcp
(cwnd ):
(awnd): ack
(ssthresh ):65535 bytesawnd (rtt):
(rto ):2rttsrtt
tcp
1
tcp (cwnd)(512536bytes )winwin=min(cwnd, awnd)ack cwnd rtt(1248?) cwnd ssthreshcwndssthresh cwnd
2
tcp 3 ack ssthresh cwnd cwnd 1
1004 41050358
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1. ........................................................................................................................... 3
2. ........................................................................................................... 3
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2. ....................................................................................................................... 6
3. ............................................................................................................... 7
4. .................................................................................................................... 7
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5. dos ........................................................................................................................ 9
dos ............................................................................................... 10
dos ............................................................................................... 11
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1004 41050358
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eniac
2.
3
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i/o
cpuramrom
cpucpu
cache-2cacheromram
romrompromepromeepromflash memoryramdramsram
1004 41050358
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1.
5
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2
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5
6
7
1
21
2
3
4
5
6
arpanet
arpa
1983 tcp/ip
arpanet
arpanet
milnet
1983~1984 internet
1990 arpanet
1986 nsf nsfnet
1991
1993 45 mb/st3
1993 nsfnet isp 1994 4 nap (network access point) 4
7
nap nap nap
1994
(internet)
wan (wide area network)
lan (local area network)
man (metropolitan area network)
an (access network)
(public network)
(private network)
(bandwidth) b/s (bit/s)
kb/s 103 b/s
mb/s106 b/s
gb/s109 b/s
tb/s1012 b/s
k = 210 = 1024
m = 220, g = 230, t = 240
(delay latency)
=//
=//
= + +
osi/rm
osi
osi
osi osi
osi
osi osi
osi
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