python开发gui实战_python实战GUI界面+mysql

前言

前面用tkinter做了一个巨丑的GUI界面，今天想把它变漂亮起来，重新找回page做了一个界面，它也是基于tkinter开发的所见即所得的界面编辑器，前面因为代码搞不明白没用上，现在重新研究一下。

一、打开page,软件自己在网上搜索下载的。它的界面挺有意思的，不是我们常见的形式，它分开了五个部分可以随便拖动，各部分间就是桌面，没有连在一起。

New Toplevel 就是工作台，可以将元件放置在上面。

Widget Toolbar 里就是可用的元件。

Attrbute Editor 编辑元件属性。

Widget Tree 元件导航树。

二、画好自己的界面，这下漂亮多了。

三、接下来导出python文件，这很重要，导出后就可以直接运行py文件生成界面。

1、选取菜单如截图

2、在弹出的页面点击‘save’，将这个GUI文件保存到你的project文件夹下。

3、选取菜单如截图

4、同样在弹出的页面点击‘save’，将这个文件保存到你的project文件夹下。(如果漏了这个文件，GUI运行就会报错)

5、现在试运行一下GUI的py文件。运行正常。

四、GUI做好，接下来要写逻辑了。

1、mysql的设置上一篇已经做过了，一些逻辑也可以照搬过来，现在主要的问题有两个。

一是原来的lisbox选择查找项改成了Combobox来做，要重新写代码。

二是原来所有东西都写在一个py上，现在出现了两个py文件(UI.py和UI_support.py)，逻辑该写在哪，要研究一下。

2、combobox是从ttk引用的元件，不是tkinter上的，所以要记得import ttk(page生成的py文件已有)。

两个文件研究不出所以，先直接在UI.py上写Combobox的数据来源。

#从student表表头加载下拉列表

sql_sr = "SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test' AND TABLE_NAME = 'student'"cbox_val=sql().select(sql_sr)

self.input_name=ttk.Combobox(top)

self.input_name.place(relx=0.192, rely=0.067, relheight=0.051, relwidth=0.172)

self.input_name.configure(values= cbox_val) #设置下拉列表的值

self.input_name.configure(state='readonly') #设置为只读

self.input_name.configure(takefocus="")

下面还有一个插入时的Combobox，代码类似。

#加载下拉列表来源

sql_sr2 = "select class.name from class"cbox_val2=sql().select(sql_sr2)

self.insert_class=ttk.Combobox(top)

self.insert_class.place(relx=0.6, rely=0.733, relheight=0.051, relwidth=0.172)

self.insert_class.configure(values=cbox_val2)

self.insert_class.configure(textvariable=UI_support.combobox)

self.insert_class.configure(state='readonly') #设置为只读

self.insert_class.configure(takefocus="")

self.insert_class.configure(cursor="fleur")

结果：

修改：读了一下page手册，发现UI.py是尽量不动的(修改界面后再生成代码会覆盖掉修改内容)，要写到UI_support.py，尝试将下拉列表初始化写入def init

def init(top, gui, *args, **kwargs):globalw, top_level, root

w=gui

top_level=top

root=top

sql_sr= "SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test' AND TABLE_NAME = 'student'"cbox_val=sql().select(sql_sr)

w.input_name.configure(values= cbox_val) #设置下拉列表的值

w.input_name.configure(state='readonly') #设置为只读

sql_sr2= "select class.name from class"cbox_val2=sql().select(sql_sr2)

w.insert_class.configure(values=cbox_val2)

w.insert_class.configure(state='readonly')

运行显示倒是正常的，但一选择值就出问题了，两个下拉列表值同时变了，得再找原因。

CSDN上找到这个说法：

再回头查看代码，在UI_support.py中作如下修改：

defset_Tk_var():globalcombobox

combobox=tk.StringVar()global combobox2 #增加一个数据源给第二个commbox引用

combobox2 = tk.StringVar()

在UI.py中修改第二个commbox元件的数据源

self.insert_class =ttk.Combobox(top)

self.insert_class.place(relx=0.6, rely=0.733, relheight=0.051, relwidth=0.172)

self.insert_class.configure(textvariable=UI_support.combobox2)#修改数据源

self.insert_class.configure(takefocus="")

运行测试OK，不过存在一个问题就是还是修改了UI.py的代码，要是有界面调整，用page再生成代码会覆盖掉修改的地方，估计修改数据源可以直接从page下手修改，这个放到后面再研究吧。

3、接下来要写从下拉列表获取焦点值，以及‘查找’和‘新增’按钮的逻辑。目前点击这两个按钮发现调用的是UI_support.py里的函数，那么就应该去UI_support.py里去写这两个按钮的逻辑了，试试看。

先写“查找”按钮

defon_select():

w.show_list.delete(0,'end') #清空显示区原有信息

name = w.input_name.get() #获取下拉列表当前值

varlue =w.input_valuse.get()

sql_sr= "select * from Student where student." + name + "=" + "'" + varlue +"'"result=sql().select(sql_sr)for x inresult:

w.show_list.insert('end',x)

sys.stdout.flush()

查找成功

再写“新增”按钮

defon_insert():

name=w.insert_name.get()

age=w.insert_age.get()

sex=w.insert_sex.get()

myclass=w.insert_class.get()

sql_sr= "INSERT INTO Student (name,age,sex,class) VALUES ('"+name+"',"+age+","+sex+",'"+myclass+"')"

print(sql_sr)

sql().insert(sql_sr)

sys.stdout.flush()

运行成功，新增一条记录

4、至此，这个小工具算是完成了，前后搞了一个多星期，碰到啥问题就去查找资料，编程小白没办法，不过做成了还是有些许窃喜的，最后贴上两个文件的最终代码。

UI.py

1 #! /usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

3 #4 #GUI module generated by PAGE version 5.4

5 #in conjunction with Tcl version 8.6

6 #Nov 13, 2020 11:21:14 AM CST platform: Windows NT

7

8 importsys9

10 try:11 importTkinter as tk12 exceptImportError:13 importtkinter as tk14

15 try:16 importttk17 py3 =False18 exceptImportError:19 importtkinter.ttk as ttk20 py3 =True21

22 importUI_support23

24 defvp_start_gui():25 '''Starting point when module is the main routine.'''

26 globalval, w, root27 root =tk.Tk()28 UI_support.set_Tk_var()29 top =database (root)30 UI_support.init(root, top)31 root.mainloop()32

33 w =None34 def create_database(rt, *args, **kwargs):35 '''Starting point when module is imported by another module.36 Correct form of call: 'create_database(root, *args, **kwargs)' .'''

37 globalw, w_win, root38 #rt = root

39 root =rt40 w =tk.Toplevel (root)41 UI_support.set_Tk_var()42 top =database (w)43 UI_support.init(w, top, *args, **kwargs)44 return(w, top)45

46 defdestroy_database():47 globalw48 w.destroy()49 w =None50

51 classdatabase:52 def __init__(self, top=None):53 '''This class configures and populates the toplevel window.54 top is the toplevel containing window.'''

55 _bgcolor = '#d9d9d9' #X11 color: 'gray85'

56 _fgcolor = '#000000' #X11 color: 'black'

57 _compcolor = '#d9d9d9' #X11 color: 'gray85'

58 _ana1color = '#d9d9d9' #X11 color: 'gray85'

59 _ana2color = '#ececec' #Closest X11 color: 'gray92'

60 self.style =ttk.Style()61 if sys.platform == "win32":62 self.style.theme_use('winnative')63 self.style.configure('.',background=_bgcolor)64 self.style.configure('.',foreground=_fgcolor)65 self.style.configure('.',font="TkDefaultFont")66 self.style.map('.',background=

67 [('selected', _compcolor), ('active',_ana2color)])68

69 top.geometry("600x450+518+418")70 top.minsize(120, 1)71 top.maxsize(1924, 1061)72 top.resizable(1, 1)73 top.title("Database")74 top.configure(background="#ffffff")75 top.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")76 top.configure(highlightcolor="black")77

78 self.select_button =tk.Button(top)79 self.select_button.place(relx=0.817, rely=0.06, height=28, width=55)80 self.select_button.configure(activebackground="#ececec")81 self.select_button.configure(activeforeground="#000000")82 self.select_button.configure(background="#d9d9d9")83 self.select_button.configure(command=UI_support.on_select)84 self.select_button.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")85 self.select_button.configure(foreground="#000000")86 self.select_button.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")87 self.select_button.configure(highlightcolor="black")88 self.select_button.configure(pady="0")89 self.select_button.configure(text='''查找''')90

91 self.menubar = tk.Menu(top,font="TkMenuFont",bg=_bgcolor,fg=_fgcolor)92 top.configure(menu =self.menubar)93

94 self.input_valuse =tk.Entry(top)95 self.input_valuse.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.067,height=27, relwidth=0.173)96 self.input_valuse.configure(background="white")97 self.input_valuse.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")98 self.input_valuse.configure(font="TkFixedFont")99 self.input_valuse.configure(foreground="#000000")100 self.input_valuse.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")101 self.input_valuse.configure(highlightcolor="black")102 self.input_valuse.configure(insertbackground="black")103 self.input_valuse.configure(selectbackground="blue")104 self.input_valuse.configure(selectforeground="white")105

106 self.Label1 =tk.Label(top)107 self.Label1.place(relx=0.083, rely=0.067, height=23, width=54)108 self.Label1.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")109 self.Label1.configure(activeforeground="black")110 self.Label1.configure(background="#d9d9d9")111 self.Label1.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")112 self.Label1.configure(foreground="#000000")113 self.Label1.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")114 self.Label1.configure(highlightcolor="black")115 self.Label1.configure(text='''查找项：''')116

117 self.Label2 =tk.Label(top)118 self.Label2.place(relx=0.41, rely=0.067, height=23, width=42)119 self.Label2.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")120 self.Label2.configure(activeforeground="black")121 self.Label2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")122 self.Label2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")123 self.Label2.configure(foreground="#000000")124 self.Label2.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")125 self.Label2.configure(highlightcolor="black")126 self.Label2.configure(text='''数值：''')127

128 self.insert_button =tk.Button(top)129 self.insert_button.place(relx=0.817, rely=0.844, height=28, width=55)130 self.insert_button.configure(activebackground="#ececec")131 self.insert_button.configure(activeforeground="#000000")132 self.insert_button.configure(background="#d9d9d9")133 self.insert_button.configure(command=UI_support.on_insert)134 self.insert_button.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")135 self.insert_button.configure(foreground="#000000")136 self.insert_button.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")137 self.insert_button.configure(highlightcolor="black")138 self.insert_button.configure(pady="0")139 self.insert_button.configure(text='''新增''')140

141 self.input_name =ttk.Combobox(top)142 self.input_name.place(relx=0.183, rely=0.067, relheight=0.051

143 , relwidth=0.172)144 self.input_name.configure(textvariable=UI_support.combobox)145 self.input_name.configure(takefocus="")146 self.input_name.configure(cursor="X_cursor")147

148 self.Label1_2 =tk.Label(top)149 self.Label1_2.place(relx=0.083, rely=0.156, height=23, width=42)150 self.Label1_2.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")151 self.Label1_2.configure(activeforeground="black")152 self.Label1_2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")153 self.Label1_2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")154 self.Label1_2.configure(foreground="#000000")155 self.Label1_2.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")156 self.Label1_2.configure(highlightcolor="black")157 self.Label1_2.configure(text='''结果：''')158

159 self.show_list =tk.Listbox(top)160 self.show_list.place(relx=0.083, rely=0.2, relheight=0.267

161 , relwidth=0.823)162 self.show_list.configure(background="white")163 self.show_list.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")164 self.show_list.configure(font="TkFixedFont")165 self.show_list.configure(foreground="#000000")166 self.show_list.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")167 self.show_list.configure(highlightcolor="black")168 self.show_list.configure(selectbackground="blue")169 self.show_list.configure(selectforeground="white")170

171 self.Label1_3 =tk.Label(top)172 self.Label1_3.place(relx=0.09, rely=0.518, height=23, width=64)173 self.Label1_3.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")174 self.Label1_3.configure(activeforeground="black")175 self.Label1_3.configure(background="#d9d9d9")176 self.Label1_3.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")177 self.Label1_3.configure(foreground="#000000")178 self.Label1_3.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")179 self.Label1_3.configure(highlightcolor="black")180 self.Label1_3.configure(text='''新增数据：''')181

182 self.Label1_4 =tk.Label(top)183 self.Label1_4.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.622, height=23, width=54)184 self.Label1_4.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")185 self.Label1_4.configure(activeforeground="black")186 self.Label1_4.configure(background="#d9d9d9")187 self.Label1_4.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")188 self.Label1_4.configure(foreground="#000000")189 self.Label1_4.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")190 self.Label1_4.configure(highlightcolor="black")191 self.Label1_4.configure(text='''姓名：''')192

193 self.Label1_5 =tk.Label(top)194 self.Label1_5.place(relx=0.467, rely=0.622, height=23, width=54)195 self.Label1_5.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")196 self.Label1_5.configure(activeforeground="black")197 self.Label1_5.configure(background="#d9d9d9")198 self.Label1_5.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")199 self.Label1_5.configure(foreground="#000000")200 self.Label1_5.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")201 self.Label1_5.configure(highlightcolor="black")202 self.Label1_5.configure(text='''年龄：''')203

204 self.Label1_6 =tk.Label(top)205 self.Label1_6.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.733, height=23, width=54)206 self.Label1_6.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")207 self.Label1_6.configure(activeforeground="black")208 self.Label1_6.configure(background="#d9d9d9")209 self.Label1_6.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")210 self.Label1_6.configure(foreground="#000000")211 self.Label1_6.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")212 self.Label1_6.configure(highlightcolor="black")213 self.Label1_6.configure(text='''性别：''')214

215 self.Label1_7 =tk.Label(top)216 self.Label1_7.place(relx=0.467, rely=0.738, height=23, width=54)217 self.Label1_7.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")218 self.Label1_7.configure(activeforeground="black")219 self.Label1_7.configure(background="#d9d9d9")220 self.Label1_7.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")221 self.Label1_7.configure(foreground="#000000")222 self.Label1_7.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")223 self.Label1_7.configure(highlightcolor="black")224 self.Label1_7.configure(text='''班级：''')225

226 self.insert_name =tk.Entry(top)227 self.insert_name.place(relx=0.233, rely=0.622, height=27, relwidth=0.173)228

229 self.insert_name.configure(background="white")230 self.insert_name.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")231 self.insert_name.configure(font="TkFixedFont")232 self.insert_name.configure(foreground="#000000")233 self.insert_name.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")234 self.insert_name.configure(highlightcolor="black")235 self.insert_name.configure(insertbackground="black")236 self.insert_name.configure(selectbackground="blue")237 self.insert_name.configure(selectforeground="white")238

239 self.insert_age =tk.Entry(top)240 self.insert_age.place(relx=0.6, rely=0.622,height=27, relwidth=0.173)241 self.insert_age.configure(background="white")242 self.insert_age.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")243 self.insert_age.configure(font="TkFixedFont")244 self.insert_age.configure(foreground="#000000")245 self.insert_age.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")246 self.insert_age.configure(highlightcolor="black")247 self.insert_age.configure(insertbackground="black")248 self.insert_age.configure(selectbackground="blue")249 self.insert_age.configure(selectforeground="white")250

251 self.insert_sex =tk.Entry(top)252 self.insert_sex.place(relx=0.233, rely=0.733,height=27, relwidth=0.173)253 self.insert_sex.configure(background="white")254 self.insert_sex.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")255 self.insert_sex.configure(font="TkFixedFont")256 self.insert_sex.configure(foreground="#000000")257 self.insert_sex.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")258 self.insert_sex.configure(highlightcolor="black")259 self.insert_sex.configure(insertbackground="black")260 self.insert_sex.configure(selectbackground="blue")261 self.insert_sex.configure(selectforeground="white")262

263 self.insert_class =ttk.Combobox(top)264 self.insert_class.place(relx=0.6, rely=0.733, relheight=0.051

265 , relwidth=0.172)266 self.insert_class.configure(textvariable=UI_support.combobox2)#修改数据源

267 self.insert_class.configure(takefocus="")268

269 if __name__ == '__main__':270 vp_start_gui()

UI_support.py

1 #! /usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

3 #4 #Support module generated by PAGE version 5.4

5 #in conjunction with Tcl version 8.6

6 #Oct 20, 2020 09:35:42 AM CST platform: Windows NT

7 #Nov 03, 2020 05:18:17 PM CST platform: Windows NT

8 #Nov 03, 2020 05:19:47 PM CST platform: Windows NT

9

10 importsys11

12 try:13 importTkinter as tk14 exceptImportError:15 importtkinter as tk16

17 try:18 importttk19 py3 =False20 exceptImportError:21 importtkinter.ttk as ttk22 py3 =True23

24 importmysql.connector25 classsql:26 def __init__(self):27 self.con =mysql.connector.connect(28 host="localhost", #数据库主机地址

29 user="root", #数据库用户名

30 passwd="123456", #数据库密码

31 database="test" #数据库名称

32 )33 self.cursor =self.con.cursor()34

35 def select(self,sql_sr): #类定义了init后下面的函数第一参数必须是self否则引用报错

36 self.cursor.execute(sql_sr)37 result =self.cursor.fetchall()38 returnresult39

40 definsert(self,sql_sr):41 self.cursor.execute(sql_sr)42 self.con.commit()43 print(self.cursor.rowcunt,'新增成功')44

45 defset_Tk_var():46 globalcombobox47 combobox =tk.StringVar()48 global combobox2 #增加一个数据源给第二个commbox引用

49 combobox2 =tk.StringVar()50 globalselectedButton51 selectedButton =tk.IntVar()52

53 def init(top, gui, *args, **kwargs):54 globalw, top_level, root55 w =gui56 top_level =top57 root =top58

59 sql_sr = "SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM information_schema.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test' AND TABLE_NAME = 'student'"

60 cbox_val =sql().select(sql_sr)61 w.input_name.configure(values = cbox_val) #设置下拉列表的值，前面定义w是引用UI.py的意思

62 w.input_name.configure(state='readonly') #设置为只读

63

64 sql_sr2 = "select class.name from class"

65 cbox_val2 =sql().select(sql_sr2)66

67 w.insert_class.configure(values =cbox_val2)68 w.insert_class.configure(state='readonly')69

70 defon_select():71 w.show_list.delete(0,'end') #清空显示区原有信息

72 name = w.input_name.get() #获取下拉列表当前值

73 varlue =w.input_valuse.get()74 sql_sr = "select * from Student where student." + name + "=" + "'" + varlue +"'"

75 result =sql().select(sql_sr)76 for x inresult:77 w.show_list.insert('end',x)78 sys.stdout.flush()79

80 defon_insert():81 name =w.insert_name.get()82 age =w.insert_age.get()83 sex =w.insert_sex.get()84 myclass =w.insert_class.get()85 sql_sr = "INSERT INTO Student (name,age,sex,class) VALUES ('"+name+"',"+age+","+sex+",'"+myclass+"')"

86 print(sql_sr)87 sql().insert(sql_sr)88 sys.stdout.flush()89

90 defdestroy_window():91 #Function which closes the window.

92 globaltop_level93 top_level.destroy()94 top_level =None95

96 if __name__ == '__main__':97 importUI98 UI.vp_start_gui()