1、Spring mvc介绍SpringMVC框架是以请求为驱动,围绕Servlet设计,将请求发给控制器,然后通过模型对象,分派器来展示请求结果视图。其中核心类是DispatcherServlet,它是一个Servlet,顶层是实现的Servlet接口。
2、SpringMVC使用
需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet。并且需要配置spring监听器ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerspringmvcorg.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletcontextConfigLocationclasspath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml1springmvc/
3、SpringMVC运行原理
如图所示:
![fdc13546271340cafe1638685e139d77.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0791f3ac103f52f00182a3fc4fdc105c.jpeg)
流程说明:
(1)客户端(浏览器)发送请求,直接请求到DispatcherServlet。
(2)DispatcherServlet根据请求信息调用HandlerMapping,解析请求对应的Handler。
(3)解析到对应的Handler后,开始由HandlerAdapter适配器处理。
(4)HandlerAdapter会根据Handler来调用真正的处理器来处理请求,并处理相应的业务逻辑。
(5)处理器处理完业务后,会返回一个ModelAndView对象,Model是返回的数据对象,View是个逻辑上的View。
(6)ViewResolver会根据逻辑View查找实际的View。
(7)DispaterServlet把返回的Model传给View。
(8)通过View返回给请求者(浏览器)
4、DispatcherServlet详细解析
首先看下源码:
package org.springframework.web.servlet; @SuppressWarnings("serial")public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet { public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "multipartResolver";public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "localeResolver";public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "themeResolver";public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME = "viewNameTranslator";public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "flashMapManager";public static final String WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT";public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".LOCALE_RESOLVER";public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_RESOLVER";public static final String THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".THEME_SOURCE";public static final String INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".INPUT_FLASH_MAP";public static final String OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP";public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".FLASH_MAP_MANAGER";public static final String EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE = DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".EXCEPTION";public static final String PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY = "org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound";private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";protected static final Log pageNotFoundLogger = LogFactory.getLog(PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);private static final Properties defaultStrategies;static {try {ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);}catch (IOException ex) {throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());}} /** Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean? */private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true; /** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean? */private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true; /** Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean? */private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true; /** Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean? */private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true; /** Throw a NoHandlerFoundException if no Handler was found to process this request? **/private boolean throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound = false; /** Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request? */private boolean cleanupAfterInclude = true; /** MultipartResolver used by this servlet */private MultipartResolver multipartResolver; /** LocaleResolver used by this servlet */private LocaleResolver localeResolver; /** ThemeResolver used by this servlet */private ThemeResolver themeResolver; /** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */private List handlerMappings; /** List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet */private List handlerAdapters; /** List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet */private List handlerExceptionResolvers; /** RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet */private RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator; private FlashMapManager flashMapManager; /** List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet */private List viewResolvers; public DispatcherServlet() {super();} public DispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext) {super(webApplicationContext);}@Overrideprotected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {initStrategies(context);} protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {initMultipartResolver(context);initLocaleResolver(context);initThemeResolver(context);initHandlerMappings(context);initHandlerAdapters(context);initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);initViewResolvers(context);initFlashMapManager(context);}}
DispatcherServlet类中的属性beans:
HandlerMapping:用于handlers映射请求和一系列的对于拦截器的前处理和后处理,大部分用@Controller注解。
HandlerAdapter:帮助DispatcherServlet处理映射请求处理程序的适配器,而不用考虑实际调用的是 哪个处理程序。
HandlerExceptionResolver:处理映射异常。
ViewResolver:根据实际配置解析实际的View类型。
LocaleResolver:解决客户正在使用的区域设置以及可能的时区,以便能够提供国际化视野。
ThemeResolver:解决Web应用程序可以使用的主题,例如提供个性化布局。
MultipartResolver:解析多部分请求,以支持从HTML表单上传文件。
FlashMapManager:存储并检索可用于将一个请求属性传递到另一个请求的input和output的FlashMap,通常用于重定向。
在Web MVC框架中,每个DispatcherServlet都拥自己的WebApplicationContext,它继承了ApplicationContext。
WebApplicationContext包含了其上下文和Servlet实例之间共享的所有的基础框架beans。HandlerMapping:
![f4ffa29a65a5aeb3e197e0f04e25bf2f.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8fc0d288533851e127eecd0a0b9ad2cf.jpeg)
HandlerMapping接口处理请求的映射HandlerMapping接口的实现类:
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping类通过配置文件把URL映射到Controller类。
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping类通过注解把URL映射到Controller类。
HandlerAdapter:
![e3e6116949dd89e903f4c73ba0479100.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e584c6eb564cd630fe49135fe6996f45.jpeg)
HandlerAdapter接口-处理请求映射
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:通过注解,把请求URL映射到Controller类的方法上。
- HandlerExceptionResolver:
![eadf0e202aa7b43455db9b93790c95a6.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/4d9e236e03f4d4c8b75b383fd723fd5e.jpeg)
HandlerExceptionResolver接口-异常处理接口SimpleMappingExceptionResolver通过配置文件进行异常处理。
AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver:通过注解进行异常处理。
ViewResolver:
![dc090341d1159e2620219cc0a6507925.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/825d2d3b23579a3e3f01178e21782c2b.jpeg)
ViewResolver接口解析View视图。
UrlBasedViewResolver类 通过配置文件,把一个视图名交给到一个View来处理。
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