python字典支持双向索引_python--15 字典：当索引不好用

字典是python唯一的影射类型 hash

>>> brand = ['李宁', '耐克', '阿迪达斯']

>>>slogan = ['一切皆有可能', 'Just do it','Impossible is nothing']

>>> print('李宁的口号是:',slogan[brand.index('李宁')])

李宁的口号是: 一切皆有可能

字典不是序列类型 ，是映射类型

字符串 列表 元组是序列类型

创建和访问索引 标志性符号--花括号

创建字典方式一：key value

>>> dict1 = {'李宁':'一切皆有可能','耐克':'Just do it', '阿迪达斯':'Impossible is nothing'}

>>>dict1

{'李宁': '一切皆有可能', '耐克': 'Just do it', '阿迪达斯': 'Impossible is nothing'}

>>> print('耐克口号是：', dict1['耐克'])

耐克口号是： Just do it

>>> dict2 = {1:'one',2:'two',3:'three'}

>>> dict2[3]

'three'

创建空字典

>>> dict3 = {}

>>> dict3

{}

>>> dict3 = dict()

>>> dict3

{}

通过dict()创建

>>>help(dict)

class dict(object)

| dict() -> new empty dictionary

| dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's

| (key, value) pairs

| dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:

| d = {}

| for k, v in iterable:

| d[k] = v

| dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs

| in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)

dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's

>>>dict3 = dict(('F',70),('i',105),('s',115),('h',104),('C',67))

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

TypeError: dict expect ed at most 1 arguments, got 5

>>> dict3 = dict((('F',70),('i',105),('s',115),('h',104),('C',67)))

>>> dict3

{'F': 70, 'i': 105, 's': 115, 'h': 104, 'C': 67}

(key, value) pairs

>>> dict4 = dict(code = '编程改变世界', draw = '每一笔都是一个世界' )

>>>dict4

{'code': '编程改变世界', 'draw': '每一笔都是一个世界'}

>>>dict4 = dict('code' = '编程改变世界', draw = '每一笔都是一个世界' )

File "", line 1

SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression

有则更改，没有则创建

>>> dict4['code'] = '学习编程就可以改变世界'

>>> dict4['student'] = '天才第一步，却是....'

>>> dict4

{'code': '学习编程就可以改变世界', 'draw': '每一笔都是一个世界', 'student': '天才第一步，却是....'}

dict() 工厂函数(类型) str(), int(),list(),tuple() ...

fromkeys(...) 会重新创建新的字典

dict.fromkeys(s[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v (v defaults to None)

>>>dict1 = {}

>>>dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3))

{1: None, 2: None, 3: None}

>>>dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),'Number')

{1: 'Number', 2: 'Number', 3: 'Number'}

>>> dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),('one','two','three'))

{1: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 2: ('one', 'two', 'three'), 3: ('one', 'two', 'three')}

>>>dict1.fromkeys((1,3),'数字')

{1: '数字', 3: '数字'}

>>> dict1

{}

keys(),values(),items()

>>> dict1 = dict1.fromkeys(range(32),'赞')

>>> dict1

{0: '赞', 1: '赞', 2: '赞', 3: '赞', 4: '赞', 5: '赞', 6: '赞', 7: '赞', 8: '赞', 9: '赞', 10: '赞', 11: '赞', 12: '赞', 13: '赞', 14: '赞', 15: '赞', 16: '赞', 17: '赞', 18: '赞', 19: '赞', 20: '赞', 21: '赞', 22: '赞', 23: '赞', 24: '赞', 25: '赞', 26: '赞', 27: '赞', 28: '赞', 29: '赞', 30: '赞', 31: '赞'}

>>> for eachkey in dict1.keys():

... print(eachkey)

...

>>>for eachvalue in dict1.values():

... print(eachvalue)

...

返回的是元组

>>>for eachitem in dict1.items():

... print(eachitem)

...

>>>print(dict1[31])

赞

访问不存在的元素

>>> print(dict1[32])

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

KeyError: 32

>>> dict1.get(32)

>>> print(dict1.get(32))\

...

None

>>> print(dict1.get(32))

None

>>> print(dict1.get(32,'没有'))

没有

判断键在没在字典中 成员操作符 in not in

>>> 31 in dict1

True

>>> 33 in dict1

False

序列匹配的是值

clear() 清空字典 存用户信息时会有风险

>>>dict1.clear()

>>>dict1

{}

>>> dict1 = {}

>>> a = {'姓名': '俊杰'}

>>>b = a

>>> b

{'姓名': '俊杰'}

>>>a = {}

>>> a

{}

>>>b

{'姓名': '俊杰'}

>>>a = b

>>> a

{'姓名': '俊杰'}

>>>b

{'姓名': '俊杰'}

>>>a.clear()

>>> a

{}

>>> b

{}

copy()

赋值只是贴了一个标签，复制创建新的复制域

>>> a = {1:'one', 2:'two',3:'three'}

>>> b = a.copy()

>>>c = a

>>> c

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>>a

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>>b

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>>id(a)

139890364904936

>>> id(b)

139890303134744

>>>id(c)

139890364904936

pop() popitem() 随机弹

>>>a.pop(2)

'two'

>>>a.popitem()

(3, 'three')

setdefalt(key[,value])

>>>a

{1: 'one'}

>>> a.setdefault('小白')

>>> a

{1: 'one', '小白': None}

>>> a.setdefault(5,'five')

'five'

>>> a

{1: 'one', '小白': None, 5: 'five'}

a.update(b)通过b的key对应的属性去修改a,有则修改 没有则添加

>>>b = {'小白': '狗'}

>>>a.update(b)

>>> a

{1: 'one', '小白': '狗', 5: 'five'}

>>>b = {'小黄' : 'da狗'}

>>>a.update(b)

>>> a

{1: 'one', '小白': '狗', 5: 'five', '小黄': 'da狗'}