兼容linux的电脑,如何查明你的电脑与Linux兼容?

你的电脑果真可以运行Linux吗?也许吧!不是说你在本地电脑商店(或者网上商城)看到的每一台笔记本电脑和台式机都能与Linux完美地兼容。本文介绍了如何有把握地查明电脑能否运行Linux。

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Linux的硬件支持做得比以往任何时候都要出色,不过,你还是不能想当然地认为你的电脑就支持Linux。不是说你在本地电脑商店(或者网上商城)看到的每一台笔记本电脑和台式机都能与Linux完美地兼容。无论你是为Linux购买一台电脑,还是只是想确保以后某个时候可以实现双启动,事先考虑清楚这个问题不无裨益。

如果你已经拥有了硬件,不妨试着运行一下Linux

如果你手头已经有了电脑,可能用不着花太多的时间去研究电脑与Linux兼容如何。而是应该在电脑上试着运行一下Linux,亲眼看看兼容情况。

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自生系统(Live CD)或闪驱是迅速查明Linux发行版可不可以在电脑上运行的一个好办法。

这个方法快速、简单又安全。你可以在几分钟内下载好Linux ISO文件,将它做到优盘上,重启电脑,启动进入到在优盘上运行的自生Linux环境。要是运行起来不够顺畅,完全可以重启电脑,直接回到Windows,别想着在这硬件上运行Linux。

闭源图形卡和无线驱动程序有时必不可少,可能无法直接运行。如果你没有3D图形支持功能,那很正常。如果无线网络无法自动运行,你将Linux安装到电脑上、安装了相应的无线支持组件后,也许就能运行了。

查看硬件兼容性数据库

关于具体的电脑是否与Linux兼容方面有大量信息。大部分信息位于专门的硬件兼容性数据库中。比如说,Canonical就提供了一个Ubuntu台式机认证硬件数据库(http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/desktop/),列出了保证能与Linux兼容的硬件。如果你寻找单个部件列表,而不是整台的笔记本电脑或台式机,可以试一试Ubuntu部件目录(http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/catalog/)。这些并不是极其全面的列表――实际上,这些列表只是列出了硬件厂商已特地认证的一小部分硬件。

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只要上网搜索一下(比如“GeForce GTX 980 Ti Linux support”),你常常就可以知道具体的电脑部件是否与Linux兼容。

Linux-Drivers(http://linux-drivers.org)列出了一系列更全面的数据库。比如说,许多Linux发行版提供了各自的硬件兼容性数据库网站,包括openSUSE(https://en.opensuse.org/Hardware)、Debian(https://wiki.debian.org/Hardware)和Linux Mint(http://community.linuxmint.com/hardware/)。

你还可以上网搜索笔记本电脑的型号――或者具体的硬件部件(如果你在自行组装电脑),再搜索“Linux support”,看看它在Linux上表现如何。简单的上网搜索常常可以搜到丰富的信息。

干脆买一台为Linux设计的电脑

再补充一种情况。你不再需要仔细研读硬件兼容性数据库,只需购买一台知道与Linux兼容的电脑。许多电脑厂商提供预装了Linux的笔记本电脑和台式机。这意味着,那些电脑保证可以与Linux兼容。如果购买这类电脑,甚至常常可以省点钱――因为不包含Windows许可证,所以如果购买面向Linux的电脑,避免了通常要支付的“微软税”。

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戴尔外观漂亮、功能强大的XPS 13是如今市面上最出色的笔记本电脑之一,它就预装了Linux。

戴尔就提供Linux电脑系列,从价格便宜300美元以下的Inspiron笔记本电脑,一直到XPS 13超极本和与MacBook Pro竞争的Precision M3800。戴尔的Linux笔记本电脑还不可轻视;XPS 13是现在能买到的最出色的轻便型笔记本电脑之一。

System76(http://community.linuxmint.com/hardware/)在Ubuntu社区大名鼎鼎,它销售一系列预装Ubuntu的笔记本电脑和台式机。(本文最上面的那款笔记本电脑就来自System76。)ZaReason提供一个相似的Linux电脑系列,用户可以选择Linux发行版,也可以选择什么都不装。Linux Mint正与一家硬件厂商合作,销售一款“MintBox迷你”电脑。当然,你也可以之后安装自己青睐的Linux发行版。

LinuxPreloaded.com(http://linuxpreloaded.com)提供了一份更完整的列表,详细列出了提供Linux电脑的其他厂商,它们将电脑发往全世界的哪个地区。而在过去,拥有这么多的选择,Linux极客们也就只能想想而已。

Linux Hardware Compatibility Lists Debian GNU/Linux device driver check page - This database verifies the PCI devices at this time (X drivers, ISA, USB, IEEE1394 or any other devices are out of its focus). Paste your result of 'lspci -n' taken from GNU/Linux OS (such as Debian, Knoppix, RedHat, and so on) to the box, then push 'Check' button. openSUSE Hardware Compatibility List - The following pages are used by the openSUSE community to record the compatibility of various hardware and full systems with SUSE Linux. Please share your experience by adding your hardware, especially if you had some issue that you overcame. Mandriva Hardware Database - This hardware database allows you to check the compatibility of your hardware with the Mandriva Linux OS. The certified hardware has the highest level of compatibility. Red Hat Hardware Catalog - Database containing certified hardware for Red Hat products. UbuntuUsers Hardwaredatenbank - Auf dieser Seite soll eine Hardwaredatenbank fuer Ubuntu Linux entstehen. Sie koennen hier unter Ubuntu Linux verwendete (neuere) Hardware hinzufuegen, welche gut laeuft. LinuxQuestions.org HCL - This is the Linux Hardware Compatibility List from LinuxQuestions.org. Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO - This document attempts to list most of the hardware known to be either supported or unsupported under Linux. Linux Hardware Components - The manufacturers and distributors listed on this site sell hardware and peripherals that are Linux-friendly. If you're looking for drivers or need to know if your hardware is supported, this is a good place to find out. LinuxCompatible.org Compatibility List - This is a user submitted compatibility database for hardware running under GNU/Linux. Phoronix Linux Compatible Hardware - is designed to be a community-driven indexing system for computer hardware under GNU/Linux. This system allows you to post GNU/Linux information on hardware as well as sharing your own personal experiences when it comes to GNU/Linux compatibility. You are also able to browse and search the database for other hardware as well. FSF Hardware Database - Free Software Foundation's listing of hardware that supports free software. Linux-Hardware.org - Die Linux Hardware Datenbank soll Usern einen Ueberblick verschaffen, welche Hardware von welcher Distribution unterstuezt wird. Sie ist so angelegt, dass sie problemlos fuer alle Distributionen genutzt und von Usern ergaenzt werden kann. Linux Support for HP PC's - This page provides an overview of Linux support for HP PC's and peripeherals. Don't base purchasing decisions on the information provided here. This site's main goal is to provide information for people already owning an HP PC. Tuxhardware.de - (TU)X-beliebige Hardware. Tuxhardware.de ist ein Online- Shop in Deutschland der Produkte mit LINUX- Eignung anbietet. Hier finden Sie u.a. auch Installationsanleitungen, Tipps & Tricks und Links zu Treibern. Unix printer compatiblity database listing - The LinuxPrinting.org printer database contains a wealth of information about specific printers, along with extensive driver information, basic specifications, and an associated set of configuration tools. You can just go straight to a particular printer, or you can list all printers from a given manufacturer. Looking for a printer to buy? Take a look at: "Suggested Printers for Free Software Users". Gutenprint Supported Printers - Gutenprint, formerly called Gimp-Print, offers high quality drivers for Canon, Epson, Lexmark, Sony, Olympus, and PCL printers for use with Ghostscript, CUPS, Foomatic, and the Gimp. TurboPrint Supported Printers - This is the list of TurboPrint Supported Printers. It includes almost every Canon, Epson & HP and many Brother printers. TurboPrint makes it possible to use the latest color printers with Linux. It is designed to produce maximum quality photo prints as well as high-speed text documents. Printer set-up and configuration is as simple as on Windows or MacOS. TurboPrint is a high-quality printer driver system for Linux built on existing standards (lpr or CUPS printer spooler, ghostscript interpreter for Postscript) thus achieving easy integration and maximum compatibility with existing applications. Von TurboPrint unterstuetzte Drucker - TurboPrint ermoeglicht den Einsatz moderner Farbdrucker unter Linux. Mit TurboPrint erzielen Sie sowohl die bestmoegliche Druckqualitaet bei fotorealistischen Ausdrucken, als auch eine schnelle Ausgabe von Text-Dokumenten. Drucker-Einrichtung und Konfiguration sind durch grafische Menues genauso einfach wie in MS Windows. TurboPrint unterstuetzt fast alle Canon, Epson & HP und viele Brother Drucker. ESP Print Pro Supported Printers - ESP Print Pro supports thousands of printers - search for yours. ESP Print Pro is a complete (commercial) UNIX cross- platform printing software package, containing thousands of high quality printer drivers for AIX, Digital UNIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux and Solaris (Intel and SPARC). A free 21-day demo license is available for first-time users. SANE: Supported Devices - shows if your scanner is supported and if yes, by which backend. If it's not supported, it may at least point to documentation or test programs. The search engine contains information from the latest stable SANE release, the development ("CVS") version of SANE and from external backends. The database is updated once per day. VueScan: Supported Scanners - is a continuously upgraded list of VueScan supported scanners. VueScan supports more than 500 different scanners, and these are organized by vendor name. VueScan is a scanning utility that works with most high- quality flatbed and film scanners to produce scans that have excellent color fidelity and color balance. A free trial version is available. Digital Camera Support for UNIX, Linux and BSD - trys to explain how to find out if your camera may work or not under a UNIX system. This site includes a table summarize for digital cameras, how they are supported under UNIX operating systems. Supported Cameras in gPhoto - On this page, you find a list of the supported camera models of the current release of gPhoto (=digital camera software applications for Unix-like systems. gPhoto2 is a free, redistributable, ready to use set of digital camera software applications for Unix-like systems). Support for additional cameras may be in the current libgphoto2 SVN trunk code. They will be added to the next release. If your camera is neither supported in the current release nor in current SVN trunk, it is possible that it is an old camera for which the original gPhoto driver has not been ported yet (mostly due to lack of demand) or it is a new camera for which there is no support at all. Working Webcams with PWC - This is a web-based collaboration area for the next generation Philips Web Camera Linux Kernel Module. On this page, you find a list of the supported Webcams. ALSA Soundcard Matrix - ALSA ("Advanced Linux Sound Architecture") supported audio- cards or chipsets. ALSA provides audio and MIDI functionality to the Linux operating system. OSS Sound Card List - OSS supported audio- cards or chipsets. This list is not 100% complete. There are dozens of sound cards that are based on some standard sound chips (or motherboard chipset) made by vendors like Intel, VIA, Cirrus/Crystal, Analog Devices, Realtek, Yamaha, C'Media, Trident, Sigmatel and many others. Such cards may not be listed in the following list but they are still supported. Driver Status for XFree86 4.3.0 - provides information about the status of the driver and hardware support in XFree86 4.3.0 compared with that in XFree86 3.3.6. Xi Graphics Accelerated-X support - listed by Notebooks/ Laptops, Graphics Cards, Graphics Chips. Li
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