java线程池创建有几种_Java中Executors类中几种创建各类型线程池的方法及实例

Executors：提供了一系列静态工厂方法用于创建各种线程池。

1.Executors.newCachedThreadPool创建可变线程池

如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。核心线程池大小为0，最大为Integer.MAX_VALUE，线程空闲存活时间是60秒。

示例代码：

ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

final int index = i;

cachedThreadPool.execute(() -> {

System.out.println(index + "start");

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

try {

Thread.sleep(index * 1500);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println(index + "end");

});

}

执行结果：

Executors内部创建newCachedThreadPool源码

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {

return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,

60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,

new SynchronousQueue());

}

2.Executors.newFixedThreadPool创建固定大小线程池

核心线程数即为最大线程数，线程不会被回收，直到调用shutdown方法回收

实例代码：

ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {

final int index = i;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

fixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {

try {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

Thread.sleep(1500);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "end");

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});

}

执行结果：

可以看到一直都是两个线程执行。

Executors内部创建newFixedThreadPool源码

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {

return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,

0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,

new LinkedBlockingQueue());

}

3.Executors.newScheduledThreadPool创建定时或周期性任务执行线程池

该线程池可用于定时或周期性任务的执行

定时实例代码：

ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

//创建线程池后3秒执行

scheduledThreadPool.schedule(() -> {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");

}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

定时执行结果：

周期实例代码：

ScheduledExecutorService scheduleThreadPoolAtFixedRate = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

//创建线程池后1秒执行 ， 之后每3秒执行一次

scheduleThreadPoolAtFixedRate.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");

}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

周期执行结果：

Executors内部创建newScheduledThreadPool源码

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {

return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);

}

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {

super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,

new DelayedWorkQueue());

}

4.Executors.singleThreadExecutor创建单线的线程池

该线程池有且仅有一个线程执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

实例代码：

ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {

final int index = i;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

singleThreadExecutor.execute(() -> {

try {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "时间" + System.currentTimeMillis());

Thread.sleep(1500);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "end");

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});

}

运行结果：

Executors内部创建newSingleThreadExecutor源码

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {

return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService

(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,

0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,

new LinkedBlockingQueue()));

}

4.Executors.newWorkStealingPool创建并行执行线程池

创建一个拥有多个任务队列(以便减少连接数)的线程池

实例代码：

// 设置并行级别为2，即默认每时每刻只有2个线程同时执行

ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(2);

for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {

final int count = i;

System.out.println("execute" + i);

newWorkStealingPool.execute(() -> {

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);//此任务耗时1s

System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "完成任务："

+ count + " 时间为：" + System.currentTimeMillis());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});

}

运行结果：

Executors内部创建newWorkStealingPool源码

public static ExecutorService newWorkStealingPool(int parallelism) {

return new ForkJoinPool

(parallelism,

ForkJoinPool.defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,

null, true);

}

实例代码下载