-EXTRACT
//Oracle中extract()函数从oracle 9i中引入,用于从一个date或者interval类型中截取到特定的部分
//语法如下:
EXTRACT (
{ YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND }
| { TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE }
| { TIMEZONE_REGION | TIMEZONE_ABBR }
FROM { date_value | interval_value } )
//我们只可以从一个date类型中截取 year,month,day(date日期的格式为yyyy-mm-dd);
//我们只可以从一个 timestamp with time zone 的数据类型中截取TIMEZONE_HOUR和TIMEZONE_MINUTE;
select extract(year from date'2011-05-17') year from dual;
YEAR
----------
2011
select extract(month from date'2011-05-17') month from dual;
MONTH
----------
5
select extract(day from date'2011-05-17') day from dual;
DAY
----------
17
//获取两个日期之间的具体时间间隔,extract函数是最好的选择
select extract(day from dt2-dt1) day
,extract(hour from dt2-dt1) hour
,extract(minute from dt2-dt1) minute
,extract(second from dt2-dt1) second
from (
select to_timestamp('2011-02-04 15:07:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') dt1
,to_timestamp('2011-05-17 19:08:46','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') dt2
from dual)
/
DAY HOUR MINUTE SECOND
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
102 4 1 46
--
select extract(year from systimestamp) year
,extract(month from systimestamp) month
,extract(day from systimestamp) day
,extract(minute from systimestamp) minute
,extract(second from systimestamp) second
,extract(timezone_hour from systimestamp) th
,extract(timezone_minute from systimestamp) tm
,extract(timezone_region from systimestamp) tr
,extract(timezone_abbr from systimestamp) ta
from dual
/
YEAR MONTH DAY MINUTE SECOND TH TM TR TA
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
2011 5 17 7 14.843 8 0 UNKNOWN UN2K
-INTERVAL
以前对oracle时间类型数据的计算,都是直接加减。最近看到同事在使用INTERVAL,相对于之间几分钟要自己想想怎么通过计算式得来的方式,这种方式更直白。由于是使用字符类型,一下就可以看出来加减了多少时间。
INTERVAL
语法:
INTERVAL '{ integer | integer time_expr | time_expr }'
{ { DAY | HOUR | MINUTE } [ ( leading_precision ) ]
| SECOND [ ( leading_precision [, fractional_seconds_precision ] ) ] }
[ TO { DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | SECOND [ (fractional_seconds_precision) ] } ]
leading_precision值的范围是0到9, 默认是2. time_expr的格式为:HH[:MI[:SS[.n]]] or MI[:SS[.n]] or SS[.n], n表示微秒.
INTERVAL '400 5' DAY(3) TO HOUR
表示: 400天5小时, 400为3为精度,所以"DAY(3)", 注意默认值为2
INTERVAL '30.12345' SECOND(2,4)
表示: 30.1235秒, 因为该地方秒的后面精度设置为4, 要进行四舍五入
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '21' year from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '123-2' year(4) to month from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '100' month from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '100' day(2) from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1 2' day to hour from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1 2:3' day to minute from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1 2:3:4' day to second from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1' hour from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1:2' hour to minute from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1:2:3' hour to second from dual
select date '2010-01-01' + interval '1:2' minute to second from dual
interval之后也可以使用'-1'这样的负,这样就是相减了。