linux磁盘是vda,linux磁盘分区格式化-fdisk命令工具

本文主要讲述使用fdisk工具对磁盘进行分区和格式化的方法

首先要明确分区是针对磁盘进行的操做，磁盘分区会创建分区表，类似vda，sda的是磁盘，vda1，sda1的是分区

1.查看磁盘分区状态

1.1. 查看分区挂载情况

df -h

1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘

fdisk -l

fdisk-l /dev/vdb

2.磁盘分区

2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区

fdisk /dev/vdb

进入交互式的分区界面，以下是分区操作步骤

m打印菜单

n新建分区

p选择主分区

e选择扩展分区

1选择分区号

选择初始位置，默认为1

选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾

分区创建完成，可以列表查看，保存退出

p打印分区表

w写入分区表保存

q退出

2.2.重新载入磁盘分区信息

无返回就是载入磁盘信息成功，针对磁盘进行操作

partprobe /dev/vdb

注意：

使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，

在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统

2.3.对磁盘分区进行格式化

使用ext4文件系统

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

2.4.格式化完成后续优化配置，取消磁盘自检

tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1

3.分区挂载

3.1.挂载磁盘分区到指定目录

mkdir -p /datamount /dev/vdb1 /data

3.2.配置开机自动挂载分区

/etc/fstab 增加一行

vim /etc/fstab-------------------------------------------------------

/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

-------------------------------------------------------

5.实例演示：使用Ubuntu系统进行磁盘分区操作

5.1.查看磁盘分区信息

root@zstest:~# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%Mounted on

udev7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run/dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% /tmpfs7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock

tmpfs7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

tmpfs1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0

5.2.列表查看磁盘信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l

Disk/dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600sectors

Units: sectors of1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier:0xd6804155Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type/dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83Linux

Disk/dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600sectors

Units: sectors of1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

5.3.对磁盘vdb进行分区

root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).

Changes will remainin memory only, until you decide to writethem.

Be careful before using thewritecommand.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.

Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier0x63c3e6e0.

Command (mforhelp): n

Partition type

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended (containerforlogical partitions)

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):

Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):

Created a new partition1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50GiB.

Command (mfor help): wThe partition table has been altered.

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

5.4.查看分区信息

root@zstest:~# fdisk -l

Disk/dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600sectors

Units: sectors of1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier:0xd6804155Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type/dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83Linux

Disk/dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600sectors

Units: sectors of1 * 512 = 512bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier:0x63c3e6e0Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type/dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux

5.5.重新载入磁盘分区信息

root@zstest:~# partprobe /dev/vdb

5.6.对指定磁盘分区进行格式化，使用ext4文件系统

root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

mke2fs1.42.13 (17-May-2015)

Creating filesystem with13106944 4k blocks and 3276800inodes

Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d

Superblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,4096000, 7962624, 11239424Allocating group tables:doneWriting inode tables:doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information:doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every38mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.7.根据提示进行操作，取消磁盘自检

root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1

tune2fs1.42.13 (17-May-2015)

Setting maximalmount count to -1

5.8.挂载分区到指定目录

mkdir -p /datamount /dev/vdb1 /data

5.9.配置开机自动挂载分区

vim /etc/fstab-------------------------------------------------------# made by tssc/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

-------------------------------------------------------

完毕，呵呵呵呵