python pillow环境_解决Python图片处理模块pillow使用中出现的问题

最近爬一个电影票房的网站(url：http://58921.com/alltime)，上面总票房里面其实是一张图片，那么我需要把图片识别成文字，来获取票房数据。

我头脑里第一想到的解决方案就是要用tesseract3，别用2，经验来说3相比2，对中文的支持更好一点。

然后，我开始使用pip安装一系列相关的库：

$ pip install Pillow

$ pip install pytesser3

$ pip install pytesseract

第一步，首先执行：

$ pip install pillow

出现报错：

Collecting pillow

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pillow/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping

Could not finda version that satisfies the requirement pillow (from versions: )

No matching distribution foundfor pillow

截图如下：

我的第一反应是加个sudo，sudo pip install pillow来安装，出现同样报错，截图如下：

其实是pip的版本低了，然后我尝试更新pip版本，使用如下命令：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

出现报错：

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping

Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages

截图如下：

还是不行！

那么，换一种方式更新pip，命令如下：

$ pip install -U pip

还是出现报错：

Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661) - skipping

Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages

截图如下：

再换一种更新pip，命令如下：

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

注意一下后面，如果你是python3，那么：

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

终于可以了！

最终解决方案参考至：

然后安装pillow，命令如下：

$ pip install pillow

另外，建议使用pillow，PIL好多年前就停更了，现在pillow fork过来，然后一直在维护。

现在可以使用最新的pip批量安装上述的库了。

后来写了一个test.py，发现使用pytesseract.image_to_string()函数时，报下面的崩溃：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"/Users/baorunchen/Documents/code/repo/python/advanced/image_recognition_test.py", line 29, in main()

File"/Users/baorunchen/Documents/code/repo/python/advanced/image_recognition_test.py", line 26, inmain

run_log(pytesseract.image_to_string(im))

File"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 193, inimage_to_string

return run_and_get_output(image,'txt', lang, config, nice)

File"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 140, inrun_and_get_output

run_tesseract(**kwargs)

File"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytesseract/pytesseract.py", line 111, inrun_tesseract

proc= subprocess.Popen(command, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

File"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 390, in__init__

errread, errwrite)

File"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1024, in_execute_child

raise child_exception

OSError: [Errno2] No such file or directory

截图如下：

原因是：安装Tesseract-OCR后，其不会被默认添加至环境变量path中，已导致报错；

解决这个问题可参考网址：

解决方案：

先需要在mac环境上安装tesseract这个库：

$ brew install tesseract

又报错了，如下：

touch: /usr/local/Homebrew/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission deniedtouch: /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission deniedtouch: /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/.git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied

fatal: Unable to create'/usr/local/Homebrew/.git/index.lock': Permission denied

error: could not lock configfile .git/config: Permission denied==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

Already downloaded: /Users/baorunchen/Library/Caches/Homebrew/tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz==> Pouring tesseract-3.05.01.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully

The formula built, but is not symlinked into/usr/local

Could not symlink share/man/man1/ambiguous_words.1

/usr/local/share/man/man1 is not writable.

You can try again using:

brew link tesseract==>Summary

🍺/usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/3.05.01: 79 files, 38.7MB

截图如下：

之间我尝试更新brew，然后再brew install tesseract，没什么用；

$ brew update

$sudobrew update

$ brew upgrade

$ brew cleanup

$ brewinstall tesseract

那么，按照报错提示执行下列命令：

$ brew link tesseract

出现下面报错：

Linking /usr/local/Cellar/tesseract/3.05.01...

Error: Could not symlink share/man/man5/unicharambigs.5

/usr/local/share/man/man5 is not writable.

截图如下：

尝试解决brew link失败的问题，参考网址：

根据它的报错提示，注意到了"/usr/local/share/man/man5 is not writable.”

这个文件不可写，说明没权限，那么我把该文件加上当前用户的权限，执行下列命令：

$ sudo chown ${USER} /usr/local/share/man/man5

然后继续brew link tesseract，根据错误提示，执行相应语句，截图如下：

进行下一步，参照网址：

需要在代码里添加：

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = ''

命令行输入：

$ which tesseract

之前没有brew link成功，执行上述命令的结果应该是：

tesseract not found

现在成功了，结果是：

/usr/local/bin/tesseract

那么，在代码里添加：

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = '/usr/local/bin/tesseract'

然后应该就没有pytesseract.image_to_string()报错的问题了。

附代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#@version: python 2.7.13#@author: baorunchen(runchen0518@gmail.com)#@date: 2018/5/4

importosimporttimefrom PIL importImageimportpytesseract

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd= '/usr/local/bin/tesseract'pic_path= '/Users/baorunchen/Desktop/test.png'

defrun_log(log):print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()), '-', logdefmain():if notos.path.exists(pic_path):

run_log('pic not exists!')

exit(-1)

im=Image.open(pic_path)

run_log(pytesseract.image_to_string(im))if __name__ == '__main__':

main()