match es java,【ES】term和match的区别，

【ES】term和match的区别，

term用法

先看看term的定义，term是代表完全匹配，也就是精确查询，搜索前不会再对搜索词进行分词拆解。

这里通过例子来说明，先存放一些数据：

{"title": "love China","content": "people very love China","tags": ["China", "love"]

}

{"title": "love HuBei","content": "people very love HuBei","tags": ["HuBei", "love"]

}

来使用term 查询下：

{"query": {"term": {"title": "love"}

}

}

结果是，上面的两条数据都能查询到：

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 0.6931472,"hits": [

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "8","_score": 0.6931472,"_source": {"title": "love HuBei","content": "people very love HuBei","tags": ["HuBei","love"]

}

},

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "7","_score": 0.6931472,"_source": {"title": "love China","content": "people very love China","tags": ["China","love"]

}

}

]

}

}

发现，title里有关love的关键字都查出来了，但是我只想精确匹配 love China这个，按照下面的写法看看能不能查出来：

{"query": {"term": {"title": "love China"}

}

}

执行发现无数据，从概念上看，term属于精确匹配，只能查单个词。我想用term匹配多个词怎么做？可以使用terms来：

{"query": {"terms": {"title": ["love", "China"]

}

}

}

查询结果为：

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 0.6931472,"hits": [

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "8","_score": 0.6931472,"_source": {"title": "love HuBei","content": "people very love HuBei","tags": ["HuBei","love"]

}

},

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "7","_score": 0.6931472,"_source": {"title": "love China","content": "people very love China","tags": ["China","love"]

}

}

]

}

}

发现全部查询出来，为什么？因为terms里的[ ] 多个是或者的关系，只要满足其中一个词就可以。想要通知满足两个词的话，就得使用bool的must来做，如下：

{"query": {"bool": {"must": [

{"term": {"title": "love"}

},

{"term": {"title": "china"}

}

]

}

}

}

可以看到，我们上面使用china是小写的。当使用的是大写的China 我们进行搜索的时候，发现搜不到任何信息。这是为什么了？title这个词在进行存储的时候，进行了分词处理。我们这里使用的是默认的分词处理器进行了分词处理。我们可以看看如何进行分词处理的？

分词处理器

GET test/_analyze

{"text" : "love China"}

结果为：

{"tokens": [

{"token": "love","start_offset": 0,"end_offset": 4,"type": "","position": 0},

{"token": "china","start_offset": 5,"end_offset": 10,"type": "","position": 1}

]

}

分析出来的为love和china的两个词。而term只能完完整整的匹配上面的词，不做任何改变的匹配。所以，我们使用China这样的方式进行的查询的时候，就会失败。稍后会有一节专门讲解分词器。

match 用法

先用 love China来匹配。

GET test/doc/_search

{"query": {"match": {"title": "love China"}

}

}

结果是：

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 1.3862944,"hits": [

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "7","_score": 1.3862944,"_source": {"title": "love China","content": "people very love China","tags": ["China","love"]

}

},

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "8","_score": 0.6931472,"_source": {"title": "love HuBei","content": "people very love HuBei","tags": ["HuBei","love"]

}

}

]

}

}

发现两个都查出来了，为什么？因为match进行搜索的时候，会先进行分词拆分，拆完后，再来匹配，上面两个内容，他们title的词条为： love china hubei ，我们搜索的为love China 我们进行分词处理得到为love china ，并且属于或的关系，只要任何一个词条在里面就能匹配到。如果想 love 和 China 同时匹配到的话，怎么做？使用 match_phrase

match_phrase 用法

match_phrase 称为短语搜索，要求所有的分词必须同时出现在文档中，同时位置必须紧邻一致。

GET test/doc/_search

{"query": {"match_phrase": {"title": "love china"}

}

}

结果为：

{"took": 5,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 1.3862944,"hits": [

{"_index": "test","_type": "doc","_id": "7","_score": 1.3862944,"_source": {"title": "love China","content": "people very love China","tags": ["China","love"]

}

}

]

}

}

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