Java中ioc加载Ben的原理_springIOC原理加载过程

关于spring ,我以前学过很多次,也看过很多的书.以及博客,但是总是不得要领,这次我再学习一遍,在这里做点记录,如果不对的地方还请大家指正

Ioc: inverse of controller 控制反转 . 对象的创建权利由程序反转给spring

什么是IOC容器呢?

所谓的IOC容器是指的spring bean 工厂里面MAP存储结构(存储了bean的实例)

spring框架中的工厂有哪些?

beanFactory 是spring早期创建bean对象工厂接口

applicationContext()接口实现了beanFactory接口

实现applicationContext接口的工厂,可以获取到容器中具体bean对象

实现了beanFactory接口的工厂也可以获取到bean对象

l ApplicationContext和BeanFactory的区别？

beanFactory采取的延迟加载,第一次getBean时才会初始化Bean

applicationContext是加载完applicationContext.xml 就创建了具体的bean实例(只对BeanDefition中描述是单例的bean,才进行恶汉模式创建)

这里我们看到顶层都是继承与beanfactory 我们常用的就是applicationContext

applicationContext接口常用实现类

classpathXmlApplicationContext : 它是从类的跟路劲下加载配置文件,推荐使用这种

FileSystemXmlApplicationContext: 它是从磁盘上加载配置文件,配置文件可以在磁盘的任意位置

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext :当我们使用注解配置容器对象时，需要使用此类来创建spring 容器。它用来读取注解。

IOC容器的创建方式

java创建IOC容器

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xml路径);

web 创建IOC 容器:(重点要知道)

web服务器(tomcat)启动会加载web.xml(启动ContextLoaderListener监听器):

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implementsServletContextListener {publicContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {super(context);

}/**

serveltContext域对象创建的时候调用这个方法* Initialize the root web application context.*/@Overridepublic voidcontextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {

//初始化web环境中的spring容器

initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());

}/*** Close the root web application context.*/@Overridepublic voidcontextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {

closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());

ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());

}

}

当我们点击initWebApplicationContext方法中的时候会发现以下源码

这个方法在contextLoader之中 也就是Contextloader创建spring容器并初始化spring bean实例

try{//Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that//it is available on ServletContext shutdown.

if (this.context == null) {

//这一步就是创建spring容器this.context =createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

}if (this.context instanceofConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {

ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac= (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;if (!cwac.isActive()) {//The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as//setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc

if (cwac.getParent() == null) {//The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->//determine parent for root web application context, if any.

ApplicationContext parent =loadParentContext(servletContext);

cwac.setParent(parent);

}

//spring 容器初始化单例bean的实例

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);

}

}

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext 方法中调用最终初始化Bean的refresh方法

protected voidconfigureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {if(ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {//The application context id is still set to its original default value//-> assign a more useful id based on available information

String idParam =sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);if (idParam != null) {

wac.setId(idParam);

}else{//Generate default id...

wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));

}

}

wac.setServletContext(sc);

String configLocationParam=sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);if (configLocationParam != null) {

wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);

}//The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context//is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for//use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh

ConfigurableEnvironment env =wac.getEnvironment();if (env instanceofConfigurableWebEnvironment) {

((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc,null);

}

customizeContext(sc, wac);//不管是web还是java环境都是会调用这个方法实例化bean

wac.refresh();

}

如果web.xml中没有contextClass的元素,那么spring会找到自己的contextLoad.properties文件来加载

# Default WebApplicationContext implementation class forContextLoader.

# Used as fallback when no explicit context implementation has been specified as context-param.

# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

IOC容器如何加载bean对象呢?

跟着上面的refresh()方法我们来到他的源码看看

源码来自AbstractApplicationContext

@Overridepublic void refresh() throwsBeansException, IllegalStateException {synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {//Prepare this context for refreshing.

prepareRefresh();

//1. 创建真正的bean容器 ConfiurabaleBeanFactroy

//2.加载beandefiniton(描述要初始化的Bean的信息)

//3.将beandefiniton注册到BeanDefitionRegistry

ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =obtainFreshBeanFactory();//Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.

prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);try{//Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.

postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

//执行实现了BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的Bean

//比如PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer(context:property-placeholer)就是此处被调用的，替换掉BeanDefition中的占位符(${})中的内容

//Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.

//针对beandifition实例进行操作

invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);//Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.

//主要针对bean实例进行操作的的,//比如容器自动装载了一个AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor后置处理器(实现@Autowired注解功能)

registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);//Initialize message source for this context.

initMessageSource();//Initialize event multicaster for this context.

initApplicationEventMulticaster();//Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.

onRefresh();//Check for listener beans and register them.

registerListeners();//Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.　　　　　　　　　　//初始化非懒加载方式的单例bean实例 自定的的java类 compent 之类的

这里的单例可以用过 scope作用域来进行自定义

finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);//Last step: publish corresponding event.

finishRefresh();

}catch(BeansException ex) {if(logger.isWarnEnabled()) {

logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +

"cancelling refresh attempt: " +ex);

}//Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.

destroyBeans();//Reset 'active' flag.

cancelRefresh(ex);//Propagate exception to caller.

throwex;

}finally{//Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we//might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...

resetCommonCaches();

}

}

}

总结:

IOC 的原理有几点

什么是IOC?

什么是spring容器(IOC容器)?

如何创建spring容器?(java方式创建和webspring容器的创建方式)

spring容器如何初始化(就是bean实例 初始化的过程)?

DI介绍.

什么是DI 依赖注入

什么时候进行依赖注入?

在beandefinition 实例化bean的时候,还未初始化属性 这个时候就调用DI 通过set 或者 构造方式的注入

@Autowired注解，它是如何生效的？就是在beanpostProcessor对bean处理的时候调用AutowiredBeanPostProcessor类