python常用的第三方库time_实用又强大，6款Python时间&日期库推荐

在使用 Python 的开发过程中，除了使用 datetime 标准库来处理时间和日期，还有许多第三方的开源库值得尝试。

1、Arrow

Arrow 是一个专门处理时间和日期的轻量级 Python 库，它提供了一种合理、智能的方式来创建、操作、格式化、转换时间和日期，并提供了一个支持许多常见构建方案的智能模块 API 。简单来说，它可以帮你以更简便的操作和更少的代码来使用日期和时间。其设计灵感主要来源于 moment.js 和 requests 。

Quick start

$ pip install arrow

>>> import arrow

>>> utc = arrow.utcnow()

>>> utc

>>> utc = utc.replace(hours=-1)

>>> utc

>>> local= utc.to('US/Pacific')

>>> local

>>> arrow.get('2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00')

>>> local.timestamp

1368303838

>>> local.format()

'2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'

>>> local.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')

'2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'

>>> local.humanize()

'an hour ago'

>>> local.humanize(locale='ko_kr')

'1시간 전'

2、Delorean

Delorean 提供了一个相比于 datetime 和 pytz 的更好的抽象，让你处理时间更容易。它有很多有用的处理时区的特性，标准化时区或者从一个时区改变到另外一个时区。

Quick start

fromdatetime import datetime

import pytz

est = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')

d = datetime.now(pytz.utc)

d = est.normalize(d.astimezone(est))

returnd

fromdelorean import Delorean

d = Delorean()

d = d.shift('US/Eastern')

returnd

3、Pendulum

原生的 datetime 足够应付基本情况，但当面对更复杂的用例时，通常会有的捉襟见肘，不那么直观。 Pendulum 在标准库的基础之上，提供了一个更简洁，更易于使用的 API ，旨在让 Python datetime 更好用。

Quick start

>>> import pendulum

>>> now_in_paris = pendulum.now('Europe/Paris')

>>> now_in_paris

'2016-07-04T00:49:58.502116+02:00'

# Seamless timezone switching

>>> now_in_paris.in_timezone('UTC')

'2016-07-03T22:49:58.502116+00:00'

>>> tomorrow = pendulum.now().add(days=1)

>>> last_week = pendulum.now().subtract(weeks=1)

>>> if pendulum.now().is_weekend():

... print('Party!')

'Party!'

>>> past = pendulum.now().subtract(minutes=2)

>>> past.diff_for_humans()

>>> '2 minutes ago'

>>> delta = past - last_week

>>> delta.hours

23

>>> delta.in_words(locale='en')

'6 days 23 hours 58 minutes'

# Proper handling ofdatetime normalization

>>> pendulum.create(2013, 3, 31, 2, 30, 0, 0,'Europe/Paris')

'2013-03-31T03:30:00+02:00'# 2:30 doesnotexist (Skippedtime)

# Proper handling ofdst transitions

>>> just_before = pendulum.create(2013, 3, 31, 1, 59, 59, 999999,'Europe/Paris')

'2013-03-31T01:59:59.999999+01:00'

>>> just_before.add(microseconds=1)

'2013-03-31T03:00:00+02:00'

4、dateutil

dateutil 是 datetime 标准库的一个扩展库，几乎支持以所有字符串格式对日期进行通用解析，日期计算灵活，内部数据更新及时。

Quick start

>>>fromdateutil.relativedelta import *

>>> fromdateutil.easter import *

>>> fromdateutil.rrule import *

>>> fromdateutil.parser import *

>>> fromdatetime import *

>>> now = parse("Sat Oct 11 17:13:46 UTC 2003")

>>> today = now.date()

>>> year= rrule(YEARLY,dtstart=now,bymonth=8,bymonthday=13,byweekday=FR)[0].year

>>> rdelta = relativedelta(easter(year), today)

>>> print("Today is: %s"% today)

Today is: 2003-10-11

>>> print("Year with next Aug 13th on a Friday is: %s"%year)

YearwithnextAug 13thona Fridayis: 2004

>>> print("How far is the Easter of that year: %s"% rdelta)

How far isthe Easterofthatyear: relativedelta(months=+6)

>>> print("And the Easter of that year is: %s"% (today+rdelta))

Andthe Easterofthatyearis: 2004-04-11

5、moment

用于处理日期/时间的 Python 库，设计灵感同样是来源于 moment.js 和 requests ，设计理念源自 Times Python 模块。

Usage

import moment

fromdatetime import datetime

# Createa momentfroma string

moment.date("12-18-2012")

# Createa momentwitha specified strftime format

moment.date("12-18-2012","%m-%d-%Y")

# Moment uses the awesome dateparser library behind the scenes

moment.date("2012-12-18")

# Createa momentwithwordsinit

moment.date("December 18, 2012")

# Createa moment that would normally be pretty hardtodo

moment.date("2 weeks ago")

# Createa future moment that would otherwise be really difficult

moment.date("2 weeks from now")

# Createa momentfromthecurrentdatetime

moment.now()

# The moment can also be UTC-based

moment.utcnow()

# Createa momentwiththe UTCtimezone

moment.utc("2012-12-18")

# Createa momentfroma Unixtimestamp

moment.unix(1355875153626)

# Createa momentfroma Unix UTCtimestamp

moment.unix(1355875153626, utc=True)

# Returna datetime instance

moment.date(2012, 12, 18).date

# We can do the same thing withthe UTC method

moment.utc(2012, 12, 18).date

# Createandformat a moment using Moment.js semantics

moment.now().format("YYYY-M-D")

# Createandformat a momentwithstrftime semantics

moment.date(2012, 12, 18).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

# Updateyour moment'stimezone

moment.date(datetime(2012, 12, 18)).locale("US/Central").date

# Alterthe moment's UTCtimezonetoa differenttimezone

moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Eastern").date

# Setandupdateyour moment's time zone. For instance, I'monthe

# west coast, but want NYC's currenttime.

moment.now().locale("US/Pacific").timezone("US/Eastern")

# Inordertomanipulatetimezones, a locale must always besetor

# you must be using UTC.

moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Eastern").date

# You can also clone a moment, so the original stays unaltered

now = moment.utcnow().timezone("US/Pacific")

future = now.clone().add(weeks=2)

6、When.py

提供对用户非常友好的特性来帮助执行常见的日期和时间操作。

Usage

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