python列表常用操作函数_Python 列表(list)的常用操作方法

1、创建list.

eg.

>>> a=["python",25,89.9]

>>> a

["python",25,89.9]

2、list的索引方法

eg.

>>> a=["python",25,89.9]

>>> a[0]

'python'

>>> a[1]

25

>>> a[2]

89.9

>>> a[-1]

89.9

#获取元素在list中的索引

>>> a.index(25)

1

>>> a.index(89.9)

2

>>> a.index("python")

0

>>> a.index("blog")

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "a.index("blog")

ValueError: 'blog' is not in lis

3、list切片(slice([start],stop[,step]))

eg.

>>> a=["python",25,89.9]

>>> a[0:2]

['python',25]

>>> a[:1]

['python',25]

>>> a[0:]

["python",25,89.9]

>>> lst= [1,2,3,4,5,6]

>>> lst[::-1]

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

>>> lst[0:4]

[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> lst[0:4:1]

[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> lst[0:4:2]

[1, 3]

>>> lst[4:1:-1]

[5, 4, 3]

>>> list(reversed(lst))

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

>>>len(lst)

6

>>> lst + a

[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,"python", 25, 89.9]

>>> a * 3

["python", 25, 89.9, "python", 25, 89.9, "python", 25, 89.9]

>>> max(lst)

6

>>> min(lst)

1

>>> max(a)

'python'

>>> min(a)

25

>>> cmp(a,lst)

1

4、append(object) -- 添加一个元素到list末尾

eg.

>>> a = [1,2]

>>> a.append(100)

>>> a

[1,2,100]

>>> a.append("python")

>>> a

[1,2,100,'python']

>>> a.append(["google","facebook"])

>>> a

[1,2,100,'python',['google','facebook']]

>>> b = [1]

>>> id(b)

46824863

>>> b.append(5)

>>>b

[1, 5]

>>> id(b)

46824863

5、extend(iterable) -- 添加多个元素到list, extend能够接受的参数必须是一个可迭代对象

eg.

>>>a = [1, 2, 3]

>>>b = [4, 5, 6]

>>>a.extend(b)

>>>a

>>>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>>a.extend(3)

E:\01_workSpace\02_programme_language\03_python\OOP>pythonappend_extend.py

Traceback (mostrecent call last):

File "append_extend.py", line 6, inl a.extend(3)

TypeError: 'int'object is not iterable

--从上面的提示可以看出，extend能够接受的参数必须是一个可迭代对象。

>>>a.extend("python")

>>>a

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']

#判断对象是否是可迭代的

>>> hasattr(a,'__iter__')

True

>>> hasattr("python",'__iter__')

False

>>> hasattr(5,'__iter__')

False

6、count(...) integer -- 方法返回指定的元素在list中出现的次数

eg.

>>> a = [1,1,1,2,2,1]

>>> a.count(1)

4

>>> a.count(2)

2

>>> a.count("a")

0

7、index(value, [start, [stop]]) integer -- 得到元素第一次在list中的索引

eg.

>>> a = [1,1,1,2,2,1]

>>> a.index(1)

0

>>> a.index(2)

3

8、insert(index, object) -- 插一个元素在index索引前

eg.

>>> a = ["python", "web"]

>>> a.insert(1,"qwer")

>>> a

['python', 'qwer', 'web']

>>> a.insert(0,26066913)

>>> a

[26066913,'python', 'qwer', 'web']

9、pop([index]) item -- 删除指定索引元素并且返回该元素，如不传index索引则默认是删除最后一个元素

eg.

>>> a = ["wiki","twitter","google","facebook"]

>>> a.pop(1)

'wiki'

>>> a

['twitter','google','facebook']

>>> a.pop()

'facebook'

>>> a

['twitter','google']

10、remove(value) -- 删除每一次出现的元素

eg.

>>> a = ['twitter','twitter','google','facebook']

>>> a.remove("twitter")

>>> a

['twitter','google','facebook']

11、reverse() --方法返回倒序的list

eg.

>>> a=[1,2,3,4]

>>> a.reverse()

>>> a

[4, 3, 2, 1]

12、sort(...) --将list中元素排序

eg.

>>> a = [5, 3, 9, 2]

>>> a.sort()

>>> a

[2, 3, 5, 9]