Pyxel is a retro game engine for Python.
Thanks to its simple specifications inspired by retro gaming consoles, such as only 16 colors can be displayed and only 4 sounds can be played back at the same time, you can feel free to enjoy making pixel art style games.
The specifications of the gaming console and APIs for Pyxel are referring to awesome PICO-8 and TIC-80.
Pyxel is open source and free to use. Let's start making a retro game with Pyxel!
Specifications
Run on Windows, Mac, and Linux
Code writing with Python3
Fixed 16 color palette
256x256 sized 3 image banks
256x256 sized 8 tilemaps
4 channels with 64 definable sounds
8 musics which can combine arbitrary sounds
Keyboard, mouse, and gamepad inputs
Image and sound editor
Color Palette
How to Install
Windows
First, install Python3 (version 3.6.8 or higher).
When you install Python with the official installer, add Python to PATH by checking the button below:
Next, install Pyxel with the following pip command from the command prompt:
pip install -U pyxel
Mac
First, in the environment where Homebrew package manager is installed, install Python3 (version 3.6.8 or higher) and the required packages with the following command:
brew install python3 gcc sdl2 sdl2_image gifsicle
You can install Python3 in other ways, but be aware that you must install other libraries.
Next, restart the terminal and install Pyxel with the pip3 command:
pip3 install -U pyxel
Linux
Install Python3 (version 3.6.8 or higher) and the required packages in a way appropriate for each distribution.
Ubuntu:
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip libsdl2-dev libsdl2-image-dev gifsicle
sudo -H pip3 install -U pyxel
Other environment
To install Pyxel in an environment other than the above (32-bit Linux, Raspberry PI, etc.), follow the steps below for building:
Install necessary tools and packages
C++ build toolchain (should include gcc and make command)
libsdl2-dev and libsdl2-image-dev
Python3 (version 3.6.8 or highter) and pip command
Execute the following command in any folder
git clone https://github.com/kitao/pyxel.git
cd pyxel
make -C pyxel/core clean all
pip3 install .
Install examples
After installing Pyxel, the examples of Pyxel will be copied to the current directory with the following command:
install_pyxel_examples
The examples to be copied are as follows:
01_hello_pyxel.py - Simplest application
02_jump_game.py - Jump game with Pyxel resource file
03_draw_api.py - Demonstration of drawing API
04_sound_api.py - Demonstration of sound API
05_color_palette.py - Color palette list
06_click_game.py - Mouse click game
07_snake.py - Snake game with BGM
08_triangle_api.py - Demonstration of triangle drawing API
The examples can be executed like normal Python code:
Windows:
cd pyxel_examples
python 01_hello_pyxel.py
Mac / Linux:
cd pyxel_examples
python3 01_hello_pyxel.py
How to Use
Create a Pyxel Application
After importing the Pyxel module in your python code, specify the window size with init function first, then starts the Pyxel application with run function.
import pyxel
pyxel.init(160, 120)
def update():
if pyxel.btnp(pyxel.KEY_Q):
pyxel.quit()
def draw():
pyxel.cls(0)
pyxel.rect(10, 10, 20, 20, 11)
pyxel.run(update, draw)
The arguments of run function are update function to update each frame and draw function to draw screen when necessary.
In an actual application, it is recommended to wrap pyxel code in a class as below:
import pyxel
class App:
def __init__(self):
pyxel.init(160, 120)
self.x = 0
pyxel.run(self.update, self.draw)
def update(self):
self.x = (self.x + 1) % pyxel.width
def draw(self):
pyxel.cls(0)
pyxel.rect(self.x, 0, 8, 8, 9)
App()
It is also possible to write simple code using show and flip functions to draw simple graphics and animations.
The show function displays the screen and waits until the ESC key is pressed.
import pyxel
pyxel.init(120, 120)
pyxel.cls(1)
pyxel.circb(60, 60, 40, 7)
pyxel.show()
The flip function updates the screen once.
import pyxel
pyxel.init(120, 80)
while True:
pyxel.cls(3)
pyxel.rectb(pyxel.frame_count % 160 - 40, 20, 40, 40, 7)
pyxel.flip()
Special Controls
The following special controls can be performed while a Pyxel application is running:
Esc
Quit the application
Alt(Option)+1
Save the screenshot to the desktop
Alt(Option)+2
Reset the recording start time of the screen capture video
Alt(Option)+3
Save the screen capture video (gif) to the desktop (up to 30 seconds)
Alt(Option)+0
Toggle the performance monitor (fps, update time, and draw time)
Alt(Option)+Enter
Toggle full screen
How to Create a Resource
The attached Pyxel Editor can create images and sounds used in a Pyxel application.
Pyxel Editor starts with the following command:
pyxeleditor [pyxel_resource_file]
If the specified Pyxel resource file (.pyxres) exists, the file is loaded, and if it does not exist, a new file is created with the specified name. If the resource file is omitted, the name is my_resource.pyxres.
After starting Pyxel Editor, the file can be switched by dragging and dropping another resource file. If the resource file is dragged and dropped while holding down Ctrl(Cmd) key, only the resource type (image/tilemap/sound/music) that is currently being edited will be loaded. This operation enables to combine multiple resource file into one.
The created resource file can be loaded with the load function.
Pyxel Editor has the following edit modes.
Image Editor:
The mode to edit the image banks.
By dragging and dropping a png file onto the Image Editor screen, the image can be loaded into the currently selected image bank.
Tilemap Editor:
The mode to edit tilemaps in which images of the image banks are arranged in a tile pattern.
Sound Editor:
The mode to edit sounds.
Music Editor:
The mode to edit musics in which the sounds are arranged in order of playback.
Other resource creation methods
Pyxel images and tilemaps can also be created in the following way:
Create an image from a list of strings with Image.set or Tilemap.set function
Load a png file in Pyxel palette with Image.load function
Pyxel sounds can also be created in the following way:
Create a sound from strings with Sound.set or Music.set function
Please refer to the API reference for usage of these functions.
How to Create a Stand-Alone Executable
By using the attached Pyxel Packager, a stand-alone executable that will work even in environments where Python is not installed can be created.
To create a stand-alone executable, in the environment where PyInstaller is installed, specify the Python file to be used to launch the application with the pyxelpackager command as follows:
pyxelpackager python_file
When the process is complete, a stand-alone executable is created in the dist folder.
If resources such as .pyxres and .png files are also necessary, put them under the assets folder and they will be included.
It is also possible to specify an icon with the -i icon_file option.
API Reference
System
width, height
The width and height of the screen
frame_count
The number of the elapsed frames
init(width, height, [caption], [scale], [palette], [fps], [quit_key], [fullscreen])
Initialize the Pyxel application with screen size (width, height). The maximum width and height of the screen is 256
It is also possible to specify the window title with caption, the display magnification with scale, the palette color with palette, the frame rate with fps, the key to quit the application with quit_key, and whether to start in full screen with fullscreen. palette is specified as a list of 16 elements of 24 bit color.
e.g. pyxel.init(160, 120, caption="Pyxel with PICO-8 palette", palette=[0x000000, 0x1D2B53, 0x7E2553, 0x008751, 0xAB5236, 0x5F574F, 0xC2C3C7, 0xFFF1E8, 0xFF004D, 0xFFA300, 0xFFEC27, 0x00E436, 0x29ADFF, 0x83769C, 0xFF77A8, 0xFFCCAA], quit_key=pyxel.KEY_NONE, fullscreen=True)
run(update, draw)
Start the Pyxel application and call update function for frame update and draw function for drawing
quit()
Quit the Pyxel application at the end of the current frame
flip()
Force drawing the screen (do not use in normal applications)
show()
Draw the screen and wait forever (do not use in normal applications)
Resource
save(filename)
Save the resource file (.pyxres) to the directory of the execution script
load(filename, [image], [tilemap], [sound], [music])
Read the resource file (.pyxres) from the directory of the execution script. If False is specified for the resource type (image/tilemap/sound/music), the resource will not be loaded.
Input
mouse_x, mouse_y
The current position of the mouse cursor
mouse_wheel
The current value of the mouse wheel
btn(key)
Return True if key is pressed, otherwise return False (key definition list)
btnp(key, [hold], [period])
Return True if key is pressed at that frame, otherwise return False. When hold and period are specified, True will be returned at the period frame interval when the key is held down for more than hold frames
btnr(key)
Return True if key is released at that frame, otherwise return False
mouse(visible)
If visible is True, show the mouse cursor. If False, hide it. Even if the mouse cursor is not displayed, its position is updated.
Graphics
image(img, [system])
Operate the image bank img(0-2) (see the Image class). If system is True, the image bank for system can be accessed. 3 is for the font and resource editor. 4 is for the display screen
e.g. pyxel.image(0).load(0, 0, "title.png")
tilemap(tm)
Operate the tilemap tm(0-7) (see the Tilemap class)
clip(x, y, w, h)
Set the drawing area of the screen from (x, y) to width w and height h. Reset the drawing area to full screen with clip()
pal(col1, col2)
Replace color col1 with col2 at drawing. pal() to reset to the initial palette
cls(col)
Clear screen with color col
pget(x, y)
Get the color of the pixel at (x, y)
pset(x, y, col)
Draw a pixel of color col at (x, y)
line(x1, y1, x2, y2, col)
Draw a line of color col from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2)
rect(x, y, w, h, col)
Draw a rectangle of width w, height h and color col from (x, y)
rectb(x, y, w, h, col)
Draw the outline of a rectangle of width w, height h and color col from (x, y)
circ(x, y, r, col)
Draw a circle of radius r and color col at (x, y)
circb(x, y, r, col)
Draw the outline of a circle of radius r and color col at (x, y)
tri(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, col)
Draw a triangle with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) and color col
trib(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, col)
Draw the outline of a triangle with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) and color col
blt(x, y, img, u, v, w, h, [colkey])
Copy the region of size (w, h) from (u, v) of the image bank img(0-2) to (x, y). If negative value is set for w and/or h, it will reverse horizontally and/or vertically. If colkey is specified, treated as transparent color
bltm(x, y, tm, u, v, w, h, [colkey])
Draw the tilemap tm(0-7) to (x, y) according to the tile information of size (w, h) from (u, v). If colkey is specified, treated as transparent color. A tile of the tilemap is drawn with a size of 8x8, and if the tile number is 0, indicates the region (0, 0)-(7, 7) of the image bank, if 1, indicates (8, 0)-(15, 0)
text(x, y, s, col)
Draw a string s of color col at (x, y)
Audio
sound(snd, [system])
Operate the sound snd(0-63) (see the Sound class). If system is True, the sound 64 for system can be accessed
e.g. pyxel.sound(0).speed = 60
music(msc)
Operate the music msc(0-7) (see the Music class)
play_pos(ch)
Get the sound playback position of channel ch. The 100's and 1000's indicate the sound number and the 1's and 10's indicate the note number. When playback is stopped, return -1
play(ch, snd, loop=False)
Play the sound snd(0-63) on channel ch(0-3). Play in order when snd is a list
playm(msc, loop=False)
Play the music msc(0-7)
stop([ch])
Stop playback of all channels. If ch(0-3) is specified, stop the corresponding channel only
Image Class
width, height
The width and height of the image
data
The data of the image (256x256 two-dimentional list)
get(x, y)
Retrieve the data of the image at (x, y)
set(x, y, data)
Set the data of the image at (x, y) by a value or a list of strings
e.g. pyxel.image(0).set(10, 10, ["1234", "5678", "9abc", "defg"])
load(x, y, filename)
Read the png image from the directory of the execution script at (x, y)
copy(x, y, img, u, v, w, h)
Copy the region of size (w, h) from (u, v) of the image bank img(0-2) to (x, y)
Tilemap Class
width, height
The width and height of the tilemap
data
The data of the tilemap (256x256 two-dimentional list)
refimg
The image bank referenced by the tilemap
get(x, y)
Retrieve the data of the tilemap at (x, y)
set(x, y, data)
Set the data of the tilemap at (x, y) by a value or a list of strings.
e.g. pyxel.tilemap(0).set(0, 0, ["000102", "202122", "a0a1a2", "b0b1b2"])
copy(x, y, tm, u, v, w, h)
Copy the region of size (w, h) from (u, v) of the tilemap tm(0-7) to (x, y)
Sound Class
note
List of note(0-127) (33 = 'A2' = 440Hz)
tone
List of tone(0:Triangle / 1:Square / 2:Pulse / 3:Noise)
volume
List of volume(0-7)
effect
List of effects(0:None / 1:Slide / 2:Vibrato / 3:FadeOut)
speed
The length of one note(120 = 1 second per tone)
set(note, tone, volume, effect, speed)
Set a note, tone, volume, and effect with a string. If the tone, volume, and effect length are shorter than the note, it is repeated from the beginning
set_note(note)
Set the note with a string made of 'CDEFGAB'+'#-'+'0123' or 'R'. Case-insensitive and whitespace is ignored
e.g. pyxel.sound(0).set_note("G2B-2D3R RF3F3F3")
set_tone(tone)
Set the tone with a string made of 'TSPN'. Case-insensitive and whitespace is ignored
e.g. pyxel.sound(0).set_tone("TTSS PPPN")
set_volume(volume)
Set the volume with a string made of '01234567'. Case-insensitive and whitespace is ignored
e.g. pyxel.sound(0).set_volume("7777 7531")
set_effect(effect)
Set the effect with a string made of 'NSVF'. Case-insensitive and whitespace is ignored
e.g. pyxel.sound(0).set_effect("NFNF NVVS")
Music Class
ch0
List of sound(0-63) play on channel 0. If an empty list is specified, the channel is not used for playback
ch1
List of sound(0-63) play on channel 1. If an empty list is specified, the channel is not used for playback
ch2
List of sound(0-63) play on channel 2. If an empty list is specified, the channel is not used for playback
ch3
List of sound(0-63) play on channel 3. If an empty list is specified, the channel is not used for playback
set(ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3)
Set the list of sound(0-63) of all channels. If an empty list is specified, that channel is not used for playback
e.g. pyxel.music(0).set([0, 1], [2, 3], [4], [])
set_ch0(data)
Set the list of sound(0-63) of channel 0
set_ch1(data)
Set the list of sound(0-63) of channel 1
set_ch2(data)
Set the list of sound(0-63) of channel 2
set_ch3(data)
Set the list of sound(0-63) of channel 3
How to Contribute
Submitting an issue
Use the issue tracker to submit bug reports and feature/enhancement requests. Before submitting a new issue, search the issue tracker to ensure that there is no similar open issue.
When submitting a report, select the appropriate template from this link.
Manual testing
Anyone manually testing the code and reporting bugs or suggestions for enhancements in the issue tracker are very welcome!
Submitting a pull request
Patches/fixes are accepted in form of pull requests (PRs). Make sure the issue the pull request addresses is open in the issue tracker.
Submitted pull request is deemed to have agreed to publish under MIT license.
Other Information
License
Pyxel is under MIT license. It can be reused within proprietary software provided that all copies of the licensed software include a copy of the MIT License terms and the copyright notice.
Pyxel uses the following software:
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