python和表格关系_数据库之 表与表之间的关系

表1 foreign key表2

则表1的多条记录对应表2的一条记录，即多对一

利用foreign key的原理我们可以制作两张表的多对多，一对一关系

多对多：

表1的多条记录可以对应表2的一条记录

表2的多条记录也可以对应表1的一条记录

一对一：

表1的一条记录唯一对应表2的一条记录，反之亦然

分析时，我们先从按照上面的基本原理去套，然后再翻译成真实的意义，就很好理解了

1、先确立关系

2、找到多的一方，把关联字段写在多的一方

一、多对一或者一对多(左边表的多条记录对应右边表的唯一一条记录)

需要注意的：1.先建被关联的表，保证被关联表的字段必须唯一。

2.在创建关联表，关联字段一定保证是要有重复的。

这是一个书和出版社的一个例子，书要关联出版社(多个书可以是一个出版社，一个出版社也可以有好多书)。

谁关联谁就是谁要按照谁的标准。

书要关联出版社

被关联的表create tablepress(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

namechar(20)

);

关联的表create tablebook(

book_idint primary keyauto_increment,

book_namevarchar(20),

book_priceint,

press_idint,constraint Fk_pressid_id foreign key(press_id) referencespress(id)on delete cascade

on update cascade);

插记录insert into press(name) values('新华出版社'),

('海燕出版社'),

('摆渡出版社'),

('大众出版社');insert into book(book_name,book_price,press_id) values('Python爬虫',100,1),

('Linux',80,1),

('操作系统',70,2),

('数学',50,2),

('英语',103,3),

('网页设计',22,3);

二、一对一

例子一：用户和管理员(只有管理员才可以登录，一个管理员对应一个用户)

管理员关联用户

===========例子一：用户表和管理员表=========先建被关联的表create table user(

idint primary keyauto_increment, #主键自增

namechar(10)

);

在建关联表create tableadmin(

idint primary keyauto_increment,user_id int unique,

passwordvarchar(16),foreign key(user_id) references user(id)on delete cascade

on update cascade);insert into user(name) values('susan1'),

('susan2'),

('susan3'),

('susan4'),

('susan5'),

('susan6');insert into admin(user_id,password) values(4,'sds156'),

(2,'531561'),

(6,'f3swe');

========例子二：学生表和客户表=========

create tablecustomer(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

namevarchar(10),

qqint unique,

phoneint unique);create tablestudent1(

sidint primary keyauto_increment,

coursechar(20),

class_time time,

cidint unique,foreign key(cid) referencescustomer(id)on delete cascade

on update cascade);insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values('小小',13564521,11111111),

('嘻哈',14758254,22222222),

('王维',44545522,33333333),

('胡军',545875212,4444444),

('李希',145578543,5555555),

('李迪',754254653,8888888),

('艾哈',74545145,8712547),

('啧啧',11147752,7777777);insert into student1(course,class_time,cid) values('python','08:30:00',3),

('python','08:30:00',4),

('linux','08:30:00',1),

('linux','08:30:00',7);

三、多对多(多条记录对应多条记录)

书和作者(我们可以再创建一张表，用来存book和author两张表的关系)

要把book_id和author_id设置成联合唯一

联合唯一：unique(book_id，author_id)

联合主键：alter table t1 add primary  key(id,avg)

多对多：一个作者可以写多本书，一本书也可以有多个作者，双向的一对多，即多对多

关联方式：foreign key+一张新的表

========书和作者，另外在建一张表来存书和作者的关系

#被关联的create tablebook1(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

namevarchar(10),

pricefloat(3,2)

);

#========被关联的create tableauthor(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

namechar(5)

);

#========关联的create tableauthor2book(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

book_idint not null,

author_idint not null,unique(book_id,author_id),foreign key(book_id) referencesbook1(id)on delete cascade

on update cascade,foreign key(author_id) referencesauthor(id)on delete cascade

on update cascade);

#========插入记录insert into book1(name,price) values('九阳神功',9.9),

('葵花宝典',9.5),

('辟邪剑谱',5),

('降龙十巴掌',7.3);insert into author(name) values('egon'),('e1'),('e2'),('e3'),('e4');insert into author2book(book_id,author_id) values(1,1),

(1,4),

(2,1),

(2,5),

(3,2),

(3,3),

(3,4),

(4,5);

多对多关系举例

用户表，用户组，主机表

--用户组

create table user(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

usernamevarchar(20) not null,

passwordvarchar(50) not null);insert into user(username,password) values('egon','123'),

('root',147),

('alex',123),

('haiyan',123),

('yan',123);--用户组表

create tableusergroup(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

groupnamevarchar(20) not null unique);insert into usergroup(groupname) values('IT'),

('Sale'),

('Finance'),

('boss');--建立user和usergroup的关系表

create tableuser2usergroup(

idint not NULL UNIQUEauto_increment,user_id int not null,

group_idint not NULL,PRIMARY KEY(user_id,group_id),foreign key(user_id) references user(id)ON DELETE CASCADE

on UPDATE CASCADE,foreign key(group_id) referencesusergroup(id)ON DELETE CASCADE

on UPDATE CASCADE);insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values(1,1),

(1,2),

(1,3),

(1,4),

(2,3),

(2,4),

(3,4);

--主机表

CREATE TABLEhost(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

ipCHAR(15) not NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT '127.0.0.1');insert into host(ip) values('172.16.45.2'),

('172.16.31.10'),

('172.16.45.3'),

('172.16.31.11'),

('172.10.45.3'),

('172.10.45.4'),

('172.10.45.5'),

('192.168.1.20'),

('192.168.1.21'),

('192.168.1.22'),

('192.168.2.23'),

('192.168.2.223'),

('192.168.2.24'),

('192.168.3.22'),

('192.168.3.23'),

('192.168.3.24');--业务线表

create tablebusiness(

idint primary keyauto_increment,

businessvarchar(20) not null unique);insert into business(business) values('轻松贷'),

('随便花'),

('大富翁'),

('穷一生');--建立host和business关系表

CREATE TABLEhost2business(

idint not null uniqueauto_increment,host_id int not null,

business_idint not NULL,PRIMARY KEY(host_id,business_id),foreign key(host_id) referenceshost(id)，FOREIGN KEY(business_id) REFERENCESbusiness(id)

);insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values(1,1),

(1,2),

(1,3),

(2,2),

(2,3),

(3,4);

--建立user和host的关系

create tableuser2host(

idint not null uniqueauto_increment,user_id int not null,host_id int not null,primary key(user_id,host_id),foreign key(user_id) references user(id),foreign key(host_id) referenceshost(id)

);insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values(1,1),

(1,2),

(1,3),

(1,4),

(1,5),

(1,6),

(1,7),

(1,8),

(1,9),

(1,10),

(1,11),

(1,12),

(1,13),

(1,14),

(1,15),

(1,16),

(2,2),

(2,3),

(2,4),

(2,5),

(3,10),

(3,11),

(3,12);