表1 foreign key表2
则表1的多条记录对应表2的一条记录,即多对一
利用foreign key的原理我们可以制作两张表的多对多,一对一关系
多对多:
表1的多条记录可以对应表2的一条记录
表2的多条记录也可以对应表1的一条记录
一对一:
表1的一条记录唯一对应表2的一条记录,反之亦然
分析时,我们先从按照上面的基本原理去套,然后再翻译成真实的意义,就很好理解了
1、先确立关系
2、找到多的一方,把关联字段写在多的一方
一、多对一或者一对多(左边表的多条记录对应右边表的唯一一条记录)
需要注意的:1.先建被关联的表,保证被关联表的字段必须唯一。
2.在创建关联表,关联字段一定保证是要有重复的。
这是一个书和出版社的一个例子,书要关联出版社(多个书可以是一个出版社,一个出版社也可以有好多书)。
谁关联谁就是谁要按照谁的标准。
书要关联出版社
被关联的表create tablepress(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
namechar(20)
);
关联的表create tablebook(
book_idint primary keyauto_increment,
book_namevarchar(20),
book_priceint,
press_idint,constraint Fk_pressid_id foreign key(press_id) referencespress(id)on delete cascade
on update cascade);
插记录insert into press(name) values('新华出版社'),
('海燕出版社'),
('摆渡出版社'),
('大众出版社');insert into book(book_name,book_price,press_id) values('Python爬虫',100,1),
('Linux',80,1),
('操作系统',70,2),
('数学',50,2),
('英语',103,3),
('网页设计',22,3);
二、一对一
例子一:用户和管理员(只有管理员才可以登录,一个管理员对应一个用户)
管理员关联用户
===========例子一:用户表和管理员表=========先建被关联的表create table user(
idint primary keyauto_increment, #主键自增
namechar(10)
);
在建关联表create tableadmin(
idint primary keyauto_increment,user_id int unique,
passwordvarchar(16),foreign key(user_id) references user(id)on delete cascade
on update cascade);insert into user(name) values('susan1'),
('susan2'),
('susan3'),
('susan4'),
('susan5'),
('susan6');insert into admin(user_id,password) values(4,'sds156'),
(2,'531561'),
(6,'f3swe');
========例子二:学生表和客户表=========
create tablecustomer(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
namevarchar(10),
qqint unique,
phoneint unique);create tablestudent1(
sidint primary keyauto_increment,
coursechar(20),
class_time time,
cidint unique,foreign key(cid) referencescustomer(id)on delete cascade
on update cascade);insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values('小小',13564521,11111111),
('嘻哈',14758254,22222222),
('王维',44545522,33333333),
('胡军',545875212,4444444),
('李希',145578543,5555555),
('李迪',754254653,8888888),
('艾哈',74545145,8712547),
('啧啧',11147752,7777777);insert into student1(course,class_time,cid) values('python','08:30:00',3),
('python','08:30:00',4),
('linux','08:30:00',1),
('linux','08:30:00',7);
三、多对多(多条记录对应多条记录)
书和作者(我们可以再创建一张表,用来存book和author两张表的关系)
要把book_id和author_id设置成联合唯一
联合唯一:unique(book_id,author_id)
联合主键:alter table t1 add primary key(id,avg)
多对多:一个作者可以写多本书,一本书也可以有多个作者,双向的一对多,即多对多
关联方式:foreign key+一张新的表
========书和作者,另外在建一张表来存书和作者的关系
#被关联的create tablebook1(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
namevarchar(10),
pricefloat(3,2)
);
#========被关联的create tableauthor(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
namechar(5)
);
#========关联的create tableauthor2book(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
book_idint not null,
author_idint not null,unique(book_id,author_id),foreign key(book_id) referencesbook1(id)on delete cascade
on update cascade,foreign key(author_id) referencesauthor(id)on delete cascade
on update cascade);
#========插入记录insert into book1(name,price) values('九阳神功',9.9),
('葵花宝典',9.5),
('辟邪剑谱',5),
('降龙十巴掌',7.3);insert into author(name) values('egon'),('e1'),('e2'),('e3'),('e4');insert into author2book(book_id,author_id) values(1,1),
(1,4),
(2,1),
(2,5),
(3,2),
(3,3),
(3,4),
(4,5);
多对多关系举例
用户表,用户组,主机表
--用户组
create table user(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
usernamevarchar(20) not null,
passwordvarchar(50) not null);insert into user(username,password) values('egon','123'),
('root',147),
('alex',123),
('haiyan',123),
('yan',123);--用户组表
create tableusergroup(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
groupnamevarchar(20) not null unique);insert into usergroup(groupname) values('IT'),
('Sale'),
('Finance'),
('boss');--建立user和usergroup的关系表
create tableuser2usergroup(
idint not NULL UNIQUEauto_increment,user_id int not null,
group_idint not NULL,PRIMARY KEY(user_id,group_id),foreign key(user_id) references user(id)ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE,foreign key(group_id) referencesusergroup(id)ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE);insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(1,4),
(2,3),
(2,4),
(3,4);
--主机表
CREATE TABLEhost(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
ipCHAR(15) not NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT '127.0.0.1');insert into host(ip) values('172.16.45.2'),
('172.16.31.10'),
('172.16.45.3'),
('172.16.31.11'),
('172.10.45.3'),
('172.10.45.4'),
('172.10.45.5'),
('192.168.1.20'),
('192.168.1.21'),
('192.168.1.22'),
('192.168.2.23'),
('192.168.2.223'),
('192.168.2.24'),
('192.168.3.22'),
('192.168.3.23'),
('192.168.3.24');--业务线表
create tablebusiness(
idint primary keyauto_increment,
businessvarchar(20) not null unique);insert into business(business) values('轻松贷'),
('随便花'),
('大富翁'),
('穷一生');--建立host和business关系表
CREATE TABLEhost2business(
idint not null uniqueauto_increment,host_id int not null,
business_idint not NULL,PRIMARY KEY(host_id,business_id),foreign key(host_id) referenceshost(id),FOREIGN KEY(business_id) REFERENCESbusiness(id)
);insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(2,2),
(2,3),
(3,4);
--建立user和host的关系
create tableuser2host(
idint not null uniqueauto_increment,user_id int not null,host_id int not null,primary key(user_id,host_id),foreign key(user_id) references user(id),foreign key(host_id) referenceshost(id)
);insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(1,4),
(1,5),
(1,6),
(1,7),
(1,8),
(1,9),
(1,10),
(1,11),
(1,12),
(1,13),
(1,14),
(1,15),
(1,16),
(2,2),
(2,3),
(2,4),
(2,5),
(3,10),
(3,11),
(3,12);